DIGITAL Software Product Description ___________________________________________________________________ PRODUCT NAME: DIGITAL GKS Version 6.5 for DIGITAL UNIX SPD 42.61.09 DESCRIPTION DIGITAL GKS (Graphical Kernel System) (formerly DEC GKS) for DIGITAL UNIX Systems is a two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics sup- port system that provides a set of programming functions for creating interactive and noninteractive graphics applications. As a development tool, DIGITAL GKS is a solid base for portable, device-independent applications that define and display graphical images, using a vari- ety of graphics devices. DIGITAL GKS for DIGITAL UNIX is Digital Equipment Corporation's im- plementation of the 1988 ISO 8805 standard GKS for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D) and the ISO 7942 standard GKS. DIGITAL GKS conforms to level 2c of this standard, providing full output capabilities, including workstation-independent segment storage (level 2), and full synchronous and asynchronous input capabilities (level c). DIGITAL GKS is the merger of two earlier products: o DEC GKS-3D Version 1.2, a three-dimensional product o DEC GKS Version 4.2, a two-dimensional product The resulting product provides both two-dimensional and three-dimensional capabilities in a single package, and was first made available as DEC GKS Version 5.0. March 1997 AE-Q13XJ-TE DIGITAL GKS is packaged as a set of linkable object libraries and a parallel set of shareable object libraries. DIGITAL GKS supports Motif for DIGITAL UNIX, and is supported on most DIGITAL processors running the DIGITAL UNIX Operating System. DIGITAL GKS is device-independent; the same program can generate graph- ical output on different devices without modification to the source code. The graphical output formats supported by DIGITAL GKS include: o CGM (Computer Graphics Metafile) o DDIF (DIGITAL Document Interchange Format) o Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HP-GL) o Hewlett-Packard Printer Control Language (HP PCL) o PostScript DIGITAL GKS provides four language bindings in which graphical data can be created and managed. These bindings are: C, ISO FORTRAN, GKS$ (a two-dimensional, language-independent binding), and GKS3D$ (a three-dimensional, language-independent binding). NIST Certification The two-dimensional subset of DIGITAL GKS for DIGITAL UNIX received certification from the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Tech- nology in December 1994. Since then, DIGITAL GKS has been the only certified GKS implementation in the industry. Besides conforming to the ISO 7942, ISO 8805, and ISO 8806/1 (Fortran binding) standards, DIGITAL GKS satisfies the requirements of FIPS PUB 120-1. PEX Support DIGITAL GKS supports output to DIGITAL's PEX Version 5.0 and PEX Version 5.1 servers. For DIGITAL UNIX, the PEX server extension and the PEXlib object library are available as part of the DIGITAL Open3D for DIGITAL UNIX product. 2 Output Modes With DIGITAL GKS, you can describe a graphical object using either seg- ments or immediate mode. A segment is a set of output primitives that are created, manipulated, and deleted as a group, but are not modi- fiable. DIGITAL GKS manages segments internally and automatically re- draws them if the display is damaged (for example, if the display win- dow is obscured and then exposed). In immediate mode, primitives are rendered directly to the display sur- face without being stored internally in DIGITAL GKS. This mode is use- ful when graphical data is temporary, or will be refreshed by the ap- plication. Output Primitives DIGITAL GKS provides a variety of output primitives for creating ba- sic two-dimensional and three-dimensional graphics. These primitives are: Cell Array A rectangular image specified by a two-dimensional array of rectangular color cells on a plane arbi- trarily placed in three-dimensional space. Fill Area A polygonal area that can be hollow or filled with a uniform color, a pattern, or a hatch style. The edges of the area are not defined and cannot be controlled. Fill Area A set of polygonal areas with holes or disjointed Set regions that are treated as a single entity. These areas can be hollow or filled with a uniform color, patterns, or hatch styles. Control of edge at- tributes is provided. 3 Generalized A primitive providing access to drawing capabilities Drawing of graphics devices not used by the other primitives Primitive listed here; circles and arcs are two common GDPs. (GDP) Polyline A set of connected lines defined by a series of points and having line type, line width, and color attributes defined. Polymarker One or more symbols that can mark significant points in a display and have type, size, scale, and color attributes defined. Text A character string at a given position in world coordinates. This string can be in 8-bit or 16-bit format, and can be displayed in a variety of fonts, orientations, sizes, and colors. Text size is affected by transformations. Attributes Each output primitive has an associated set of attributes that con- trol the primitive's appearance. Attributes can be defined in groups (bundles) or individually. Some examples of attributes are: Line Type The style of a line, for example, dotted or dashed. Line The width of the line. Width Color The color of a primitive. You can select one of the predefined colors or specify the red, green, and blue intensities required to define a particular color on color devices. Character Text attributes, including font, character spacing, Attributes height, angle, path, and alignment. 4 Viewing Operations DIGITAL GKS allows you to specify views of three-dimensional objects and define the "working" or world coordinate system used in these views. World coordinates can have any scale. For example, one application might have a maximum range from 0 to 1000.0; another application might limit the range from 0.01 to 0.1. You can control multiple, simultaneous views of the same objects on one or more display surfaces, as well as the position and size of the image on the surface. For example, one application program can dis- play an image of a cube in one window on a workstation, and at the same time, the program can display a detail of the back of the cube in an- other window (on another workstation, if required). Control Functions Control functions are used to perform system management tasks related to the DIGITAL GKS environment, the workstation environment, and the graphics display. These tasks include turning DIGITAL GKS on and off when requested by the application, directing the flow of graphics data to logical output devices and managing the picture process. Inquiry Functions DIGITAL GKS includes a complete set of inquiry functions. These func- tions are used to obtain information about the DIGITAL GKS state, seg- ment storage, workstation capabilities, or the workstation state. This information is essential for developing modular, device-independent programs. Escape Functions Escape functions are included with DIGITAL GKS to enable access to functionality not provided in the GKS standard. The DIGITAL GKS escape functions include: o Double buffering control o Background pixmap control 5 o Screen dumps Logical Input Devices DIGITAL GKS supports synchronous and asynchronous input from the fol- lowing logical input devices: Locator Allows the user to select a point on the display. Stroke Allows the user to input a series of points on the display. Valuator Allows the user to select a real number from a range of numbers, for example, by sliding a pointer to a position on a radio dial. Choice Allows the user to make a selection, for example, from a list of choices in a menu. String Allows the user to input a character string, for example, as input to a prompt. Pick Allows the user to select an object that is visible on the display. The information returned consists of a seg- ment name, a pick identifier, and the segment status. Primitives outside segments cannot be picked. Character Fonts and Sets DIGITAL GKS includes a series of stroke-precision character fonts. These character fonts were digitized by Dr. Allen V. Hershey of the Naval Surface Weapons Laboratory, and supplied to DIGITAL by the National Bureau of Standards. DIGITAL GKS also provides text support for the native character sets of the supported graphical devices. 6 Language Bindings DIGITAL GKS functions can be accessed by four sets of subroutine calls or "bindings," as they are referred to by the GKS standards. These bind- ings are: o A FORTRAN binding that conforms to the ISO (DIS 8806/1) FORTRAN binding to GKS-3D. o A C binding that conforms to a three-dimensional extension of the ISO (DP 8651/4) C language binding to GKS. o GKS3D$, a language-independent, three-dimensional binding that fol- lows the standard calling conventions and is callable by many dif- ferent languages. o GKS$, a language-independent, two-dimensional binding that follows the standard calling conventions and is callable by many different languages. GKS-3D Metafile DIGITAL GKS provides the capability of reading and writing sequential files in two formats: the ISO 8805 suggested GKS-3D Metafile format and the ISO 7942 suggested two-dimensional GKSM Metafile format. The metafiles can be used to: o Save and restore graphical information between sessions in a device- independent format o Transfer graphical information between systems with compatible ver- sions of DIGITAL GKS o Transfer graphical information between two DIGITAL GKS applications o Transfer graphical information from a DEC GKS-3D application to a DIGITAL GKS application o Store accompanying nongraphical information 7 DIGITAL Document Interchange Format (DDIF) Output DIGITAL GKS provides support for storing two-dimensional views of three- dimensional objects encoded in DIGITAL Document Interchange Format (DDIF). Views stored in DDIF can be processed by applications that conform to the DIGITAL Compound Document Architecture (CDA). Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) Output DIGITAL GKS provides support for storing information using the Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM), an approved ANSI standard format (ANSI X3.122- 1986). DIGITAL GKS supports CGM output for the following formats: o Clear Text Encoding - Graphical output data stored in this format is easily created, viewed, and modified using a common text edi- tor. This format is also suitable for transferring graphical out- put data through networks that support the transfer of text files only. o Character Encoding - Graphical output data is typically stored in this format to reduce the file size. This format is especially suited to transfers through networks that do not support binary transfers. o Binary Encoding - Graphical output data stored in this format is very compact and the fastest to read and write. This format is the least suitable for transmission over communication lines because all 8 bits in each byte are meaningful. Graphics Handlers DIGITAL GKS includes support for a wide variety of graphics devices provided by DIGITAL and other vendors. For devices that are not sup- ported by DIGITAL, users can develop their own graphics device han- dlers using the DIGITAL GKS device handler interface. Device handlers can be developed in DEC Fortran and DEC C. For more information on this interface, refer to the Building a Device Handler System for DEC GKS and DEC PHIGS manual (Order No. QA-810AK-GZ), which can be purchased separately. 8 CONFORMANCE TO STANDARDS DIGITAL GKS is designed to conform to the following standards: o NIST Certification-DIGITAL GKS has obtained this certification and satisfies the requirements of FIPS PUB 120-1. o ISO 8805 standard GKS for Three Dimensions (GKS-3D). o ISO 7942 standard GKS. o MIT X Window System Version 11 Release 5 (X11R5). o PEX Version 5.0 and 5.1. o The FORTRAN binding conforms to the ISO (DIS 8806/1) FORTRAN bind- ing to GKS-3D. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS The following systems are supported by DIGITAL GKS: o DEC 2000 Model 300 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 300 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 300L Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 300LX Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 300X Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 400 AlphaServer o DEC 3000 Model 400 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 500 AlphaServer o DEC 3000 Model 500 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 500X Server o DEC 3000 Model 600 AlphaServer o DEC 3000 Model 600 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 700 Alpha Workstation 9 o DEC 3000 Model 800 AlphaServer o DEC 3000 Model 800 Alpha Workstation o DEC 3000 Model 900 Alpha Workstation o DEC 4000 Model 610 Alpha System o DEC 4000 Model 700 Alpha System o DEC 7000 Model 610 Alpha System o DEC 10000 Model 610 Alpha System o DIGITAL AlphaStation 200 4/166 and 200 4 o DIGITAL AlphaStation 250 4/266 o DIGITAL AlphaStation 400 4/233 o DIGITAL AlphaServer 2100 4/200 and 4/275 Disk Space Requirements The disk space requirements for DIGITAL GKS depend on the kit you in- stall, as shown. DIGITAL GKS Development Kit: Disk space required for 40,000 KB installation: Disk space required for 31,000 KB use (permanent): DIGITAL GKS Run-Time-Only Kit: Disk space required for 15,000 KB installation: Disk space required for 12,000 KB use (permanent): These counts refer to the disk space required on the system disk. The sizes are approximate; actual sizes may vary depending on the user's system environment, configuration, and software options. 10 Memory Requirements for Motif Support The minimum supported memory for DIGITAL GKS running in a standalone Motif environment, with both the client and server executing on the same system, is 32 MB. The memory size suggested for most typical hard- ware configurations, however, is 64 MB or more, depending on the sys- tem. The system configuration and performance requirements of Motif appli- cations can determine the memory needed on your system as follows: o Less memory may be required on the client system (where the soft- ware is installed and executed) if the server (component display- ing the application) resides on another system. o More memory may be required on a system where improved performance is desired, or where several applications are running. OPTIONAL HARDWARE DIGITAL GKS supports a variety of interactive and hard copy devices. At least one of these devices is required to display graphics output. Terminal for Motif Clients: o DECterminal VXT 2000 Terminals: o VT125 with black and white or optional color monitor (ReGIS) o VT240 with black and white monitor (ReGIS) o VT241 with color monitor (ReGIS) o VT330 with black and white monitor o VT340 with color monitor o TEKTRONIX 4014 with enhanced graphics module (Option 34) or equivalent Note: The emulation of a TEKTRONIX 4014 is not supported on any hardware. 11 o TEKTRONIX 4107 terminal o TEKTRONIX 4128 terminal o TEKTRONIX 4129 terminal o TEKTRONIX 4207 terminal Compatible Sixel Devices: o DIGITAL DEClaser 1100, 2100, 2150, 2200, 2250, 2300, 2400 Laser Printers o DIGITAL LN03 with LN03S-UA upgrade kit o DIGITAL LN03 PLUS Laser Printer o DIGITAL LN03S-JA Laser Printer o DIGITAL LA50 (restricted to a 2:1 aspect ratio) o DIGITAL LA75 o DIGITAL LA84 o DIGITAL LA86 o DIGITAL LA100 o DIGITAL LA280 o DIGITAL LA324 (Color Sixel Printer) o DIGITAL LA380 o TEKTRONIX 4611 hard copy unit when connected to the TEKTRONIX 4014 computer display terminal Compatible Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language Devices: o DIGITAL LVP16 Pen Plotter o HP7475 Hewlett-Packard Pen Plotter o HP7550 Hewlett-Packard Pen Plotter o HP7580 Hewlett-Packard Pen Plotter o HP7585 Hewlett-Packard Pen Plotter 12 o LASERGRAPHICS MPS-2000 Film Recorder Compatible Hewlett-Packard PCL Level 4 Devices: o Hewlett-Packard LaserJet II Ink Jet Plotters: o DIGITAL LCG01 Color Ink Jet Plotter (ReGIS) o DIGITAL LJ250 (Color Sixel) Compatible PostScript Devices: o Apple LaserWriter o Apple LaserWriter Plus o DIGITAL DEClaser 1150, 2150, 2250 o DIGITAL LN03R ScriptPrinter o DIGITAL LPS20 Laser Printer o DIGITAL LPS20-GJ Laser Printer o DIGITAL LPS32 Laser Printer o DIGITAL LPS40 Laser Printer o DIGITAL LPS40-AJ Laser Printer o DIGITAL LPS40-DJ Laser Printer SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS One of the following operating systems is required to use DIGITAL GKS Version 6.5: o DIGITAL UNIX Operating System Version 3.2c or higher o DEC OSF/1 Operating System Version 2.0 or higher For the development of applications and programs that use DIGITAL GKS on DIGITAL UNIX, one of the languages supported by DIGITAL GKS is also required. 13 OPTIONAL SOFTWARE The following software is required to use DIGITAL GKS on PEX worksta- tion types: DIGITAL Open3D-the version supported by the DEC OSF/1 or DIGITAL UNIX version installed on your machine DIGITAL GKS for DIGITAL UNIX supports the following languages: o DEC Ada Version 3.1 or higher o DEC C Version 2.0 or higher o DEC Fortran Version 3.3 or higher o DEC Pascal Version 5.1 or higher Note: Certain versions of these products depend on a specific version of the operating system. Please refer to the Software Product Descrip- tion (SPD) of the product in question to determine which version is necessary. GROWTH CONSIDERATIONS The minimum hardware and software requirements for any future version of this product may be different from the requirements for the cur- rent version. DISTRIBUTION MEDIA This product is distributed on the DIGITAL UNIX Alpha Software Library Package CD-ROM (order number QA-054AA-H8). Online documentation only is distributed on the DIGITAL UNIX Alpha Online Documentation Library CD-ROM (order number QA-4KP8A-G8.) Binaries only are distributed on the DIGITAL UNIX Alpha Software Products Library CD-ROM (order number QA-4KN8A-A8.) 14 These library packages contain the DIGITAL GKS software binaries and online documentation in Bookreader and PostScript format. The DIGITAL GKS documentation is also available in printed form, which can be ordered separately. ORDERING INFORMATION Development Option: The following kits include media, the base documentation set, and the specified binding reference manual: Personal License DIGITAL GKS: QL-02WAA-2B Capacity Licenses DIGITAL GKS: QL-02WA*-AA Software Layered Product CD-ROM: QA-054AA-H8 Software Documentation DIGITAL GKS: QA-02WAA-GZ Software Product Services DIGITAL GKS: QT-02WA*-** Run-Time-Only Option: Concurrent License DIGITAL GKS: QL-02XAM-3B Capacity Licenses DIGITAL GKS: QL-02XA*-AA Software Layered Product CD-ROM: QA-054AA-H8 Software Product Services DIGITAL GKS: QT-02XA*-** * Denotes variant fields. For additional information on available li- censes, services, documentation, and media, refer to the appropri- ate price book. SOFTWARE LICENSING DIGITAL GKS is available in two forms: as a Development Kit and as a Run-Time-Only Kit. These kits are furnished only under a license. The Development Kit license enables you to develop and run your own graphics applications. The Run-Time-Only Kit license allows you to run applications that were developed on a system where the full DIGITAL GKS product was installed. As a result, the Run-Time-Only Kit license is 15 available at a substantially lower cost per system than the Develop- ment Kit license. License Management Facility Support DIGITAL GKS supports the DIGITAL UNIX License Management Facility (LMF). This facility allocates license units for DIGITAL GKS as follows: o For the Development option-on a Personal Use and Unlimited Use basis o For the Run-Time-Only option-on a Concurrent Use and Unlimited Use basis Each Personal Use License allows one identified individual to use DIGITAL GKS. Each Concurrent Use License allows only one individual at a time to use DIGITAL GKS. Each Unlimited Use License allows any number of individuals to use DIGITAL GKS at the same time. For further details on the License Management Facility, refer to the DIGITAL UNIX Operating System Software Product Description, (SPD 41.61.xx) or the DIGITAL UNIX Operating System documentation. To obtain more in- formation about DIGITAL's licensing terms and policies, contact your local DIGITAL office. SOFTWARE PRODUCT SERVICES A variety of service options are available from DIGITAL. For more in- formation, contact your local DIGITAL office. SOFTWARE WARRANTY Warranty for this software product is provided by DIGITAL with the pur- chase of a DIGITAL GKS license, as defined in the Software Warranty Addendum of this SPD. 16 The information in this document is valid at the time of release. Please contact your local DIGITAL office for the most up-to-date information. [R] Apple and LaserWriter are registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. [R] Hewlett-Packard, HP, HP-GL, and LaserJet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Company. [R] LASERGRAPHICS MPS-2000 is a registered trademark of Laser Graphics, Inc. [R] Motif and OSF/1 are registered trademarks of Open Software Foundation, Inc. [R] PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. [R] TEKTRONIX and Tek are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. [R] UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Ltd. [TM] X Window System is a trademark of Massachusetts Institute of Technology. [TM] AlphaServer, AlphaStation, Bookreader, CDA, DDIF, DEC, DEC Ada, DEC C, DEC Fortran, DEC GKS, DEC GKS-3D, DEC Pascal, DEClaser, DIGITAL, DIGITAL GKS, DIGITAL Open3D, LA50, LA75, LA84, LA86, LA100, LA280, LA324, LA380, LN03, LN03 PLUS, LN03 ScriptPrinter, LVP16, VT125, VT240, VT241, VT330, VT340, and the DIGITAL logo are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. ©1997 Digital Equipment Corporation. All Rights Reserved. 17