MOVE FROM #4%, RUNS%, HITS%, ERRORS%, RBI%, BAT_AVERAGE MOVE TO #9%, FILL$ = 10%, A$ = 10%, B$ = 30%, C$ = 2%

The NAME...AS statement renames the specified file.

Format

Syntax Rules

1. File-spec1 and file-spec2 must be string expressions.
2. There is no default file type in file-spec1 or file-spec2. If the file to be renamed has a file type, file-spec1 must include both the file name and the file type.
3. If you specify only a file name, BASIC searches for a file with no file type. If you do not specify a file type for file-spec2, BASIC names the file, but does not assign a file type.
4. File-spec2 can include a directory name but not a device name. If you specify a directory name with file-spec2, the file will be placed in the specified directory. If you do not specify a directory name, the default is the current directory.
5. File version numbers are optional. BASIC renames the highest version of file-spec1 if you do not specify a version number.

Remarks

1. If the file specified by file-spec1 does not exist, BASIC signals "Can't find file or account" (ERR=5).
2. If you use the NAME...AS statement on an open file, BASIC does not rename the file until it is closed.
3. You cannot use the NAME...AS statement to move a file between devices. You can only change the directory, name, type, or version number.

Example

$ Directory USER$$DISK:[BASIC_PROG] Directory USER$$DISK:[BASIC_PROG] FIRST_PROG.BAS;1 Total of 1 file. $ BASIC BASIC V3.4 Ready NAME "FIRST_PROG.BAS" AS "SECOND_PROG.BAS" Ready EXIT $ Directory USER$$DISK:[BASIC_PROG] Directory USER$$DISK:[BASIC_PROG] SECOND_PROG.BAS;1 Total of 1 file.

The NEXT statement marks the end of a FOR, UNTIL, or WHILE loop.

Format

Syntax Rules

1. Num-unsubs-var is required in a FOR...NEXT loop and must correspond to the num-unsubs-var specified in the FOR statement.
2. Num-unsubs-var is not allowed in an UNTIL or WHILE loop.
3. Num-unsubs-var must be a numeric, unsubscripted variable.

Remarks

Each NEXT statement must have a corresponding FOR, UNTIL, or WHILE statement or BASIC signals an error.

Example

PROGRAM calculating_pay DECLARE INTEGER no_hours, & SINGLE weekly_pay, minimum_wage minimum_wage = 3.65 no_hours = 40 WHILE no_hours > 0 INPUT "Enter the number of hours you intend to work this week";no_hours weekly_pay = no_hours * minimum_wage PRINT "If you worked";no_hours;"hours, your pay would be";weekly_pay NEXT END PROGRAM

Output

Enter the number of hours you intend to work this week? 35 If you worked 35 hours, your pay would be 127.75 Enter the number of hours you intend to work this week? 23 If you worked 23 hours, your pay would be 83.95 Enter the number of hours you intend to work this week? 0 If you worked 0 hours your pay would be 0

The NOECHO function disables echoing of input on a terminal.

Format

Syntax Rules

Chnl-exp must specify a terminal.

Remarks

1. If you specify NOECHO, BASIC accepts characters typed on the terminal as input, but the characters do not echo on the terminal.
2. The NOECHO function is the complement of the ECHO function; NOECHO disables the effect of ECHO and vice versa.
3. NOECHO always returns a value of zero.

Example

DECLARE INTEGER Y, & STRING pass_word Y = NOECHO(0) INPUT "Enter your password";pass_word IF pass_word = "DARLENE" THEN PRINT "Confirmed" Y = ECHO(0)

Output

Enter your password? Confirmed

The NOMARGIN statement removes the right margin limit set with the MARGIN statement for a terminal or a terminal-format file.

Format

Syntax Rules

Chnl-exp is a numeric expression that specifies a channel number associated with a file. It must be immediately preceded by a number sign (#).

Remarks

1. When you specify NOMARGIN, the right margin is set to 132.
2. Chnl-exp, if specified, must be an open terminal-format file or a terminal.
3. If you do not specify a channel, BASIC sets the margin on the controlling terminal to 132.
4. The NOMARGIN statement applies to the specified channel only while the channel is open. If you close the channel and then reopen it, BASIC uses the default margin of 72.

Example

OPEN "EMP.DAT" FOR OUTPUT AS #1 NOMARGIN #1 . . .

The NUM function returns the row number of the last data element transferred into an array by a MAT I/O statement.

Format

Syntax Rules

None

Remarks

1. NUM returns a value of zero if it is invoked before BASIC has executed any MAT I/O statements.
2. For a two-dimensional array, NUM returns an integer specifying the row number of the last data element transferred into the array. For a one-dimensional array, NUM returns the number of elements entered.
3. The value returned by the NUM function is an integer of the default size.

Example

OPEN "STU_ACCT" FOR INPUT AS #2 DIM stu_rec$(3,3) MAT INPUT #2, stu_rec$ PRINT "Row count =";NUM PRINT "Column number =";NUM2

Output

Row count = 1 Column number = 1

The NUM2 function returns the column number of the last data element transferred into an array by a MAT I/O statement.

Format

Syntax Rules

None

Remarks

1. NUM2 returns a value of zero if it is invoked before BASIC has executed any MAT I/O statements or if the last array element transferred was in a one-dimensional list.
2. The NUM2 function returns an integer specifying the column number of the last data element transferred into an array.
3. The value returned by the NUM2 function is an integer of the default size.

Example

OPEN "STU_ACCT" FOR INPUT AS #2 DIM stu_rec$(3,3) MAT INPUT #2, stu_rec$ PRINT "Row count =";NUM PRINT "Column number =";NUM2

Output

Row count = 1 Column number = 1

The NUM$ function evaluates a numeric expression and returns a string of characters in PRINT statement format, with leading and trailing spaces.

Format

Syntax Rules

None

Remarks

1. If num-exp is positive, the first character in the string expression is a space. If num-exp is negative, the first character is a minus sign (-).
2. The NUM$ function does not include trailing zeros in the returned string. If all digits to the right of the decimal point are zeros, NUM$ omits the decimal point as well.
3. When num-exp is a floating-point variable and has an integer portion of 6 decimal digits or less (for example, 1234.567), BASIC rounds the number to 6 digits (1234.57). If num-exp has 7 decimal digits or more, BASIC rounds the number to 6 digits and prints it in E format.
4. When num-exp is from 0.1 to 1 and contains more than 6 digits, BASIC rounds it to 6 digits. When num-exp is smaller than 0.1, BASIC rounds it to 6 digits and prints it in E format.
5. If num-exp is an integer variable, the maximum number of digits in the returned string is as follows, depending on the data type of num-exp:

   Type	Maximum Digits
   Byte	3
   Word	5
   Longword	10
   Quadword	19

6. If num-exp is a DECIMAL value, the returned string can have up to 31 digits.
7. The last character in the returned string is a space.

Example

DECLARE STRING number number = NUM$(34.5500/31.8) PRINT number

Output

1.08648

The NUM1$ function changes a numeric expression to a numeric character string without leading and trailing spaces and without rounding.

Format

Syntax Rules

None

Remarks

1. The NUM1$ function returns a string consisting of numeric characters and a decimal point that corresponds to the value of num-exp. Leading and trailing spaces are not included in the returned string.
2. The NUM1$ function returns a maximum of the following number of significant digits:
   • 3 for BYTE integers
   • 5 for WORD integers
   • 6 for SINGLE and SFLOAT floating-point numbers
   • 10 for LONG integers
   • 19 for QUAD integers
   • 16 for DOUBLE floating-point numbers
   • 15 for GFLOAT and TFLOAT floating-point numbers
   • 33 for HFLOAT and XFLOAT floating-point numbers
   • 31 for DECIMAL numbers
     Alpha BASIC does not support HFLOAT. VAX BASIC does not support SFLOAT, TFLOAT, XFLOAT, and QUAD.
3. The returned string does not use E-format notation.

Example

DECLARE STRING number number = NUM1$(PI/2) PRINT number

Output

1.5708

Under certain conditions, an ON ERROR GO BACK statement executed in a subprogram or DEF function transfers control to the calling program.

Format

Syntax Rules

The ON ERROR GO BACK statement is illegal inside a protected region or within an attached or detached handler. Use the EXIT HANDLER statement instead.

Remarks

1. If there is no error outstanding, execution of an ON ERROR GO BACK statement causes subsequent errors to return control to the calling program's error handler.
2. If there is an error outstanding, execution of an ON ERROR GO BACK statement immediately transfers control to the calling program's error handler.
3. By default, DEF functions and subprograms resignal errors to the calling program.
4. The ON ERROR GO BACK statement remains in effect until the program unit completes execution, until BASIC executes another ON ERROR statement, or until BASIC enters a protected region.
5. An ON ERROR GO BACK statement executed in the main program is equivalent to an ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement.
6. If a main program calls a subprogram named SUB1, and SUB1 calls the subprogram named SUB2, an ON ERROR GO BACK statement executed in SUB2 transfers control to SUB1's error handler when an error occurs in SUB2. If SUB1 also has executed an ON ERROR GO BACK statement, BASIC transfers control to the main program's error handling routine.
7. For current program development, see the WHEN ERROR statement.
8. It is not recommended that you mix ON ERROR statements with protected regions in the same program unit. For more information, see the Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS Alpha and VAX Systems User Manual.

Example

IF ERR = 11 THEN RESUME err_hand ELSE ON ERROR GO BACK END IF

The ON ERROR GOTO statement transfers program control to a specified line or label in the current program unit when an error occurs under certain conditions.

Format

Syntax Rules

1. You cannot specify an ON ERROR GOTO statement within a protected region or handler.
2. Target must be a valid BASIC line number or label and must exist in the same program unit as the ON ERROR GOTO statement.
3. If an ON ERROR GOTO statement is in a DEF function, target must also be in that function definition.

Remarks

1. BASIC transfers program control to a specified line number or label under two conditions:
   • If an error occurred outside a protected region of a WHEN block
   • If an error occurred within the protected region of a WHEN block and was propagated by the handler associated with the WHEN block
2. Execution of an ON ERROR GOTO statement causes subsequent errors to transfer control to the specified target.
3. The ON ERROR GOTO statement remains in effect until the program unit completes execution or until BASIC executes another ON ERROR statement.
4. BASIC does not allow recursive error handling. If a second error occurs during execution of an error-handling routine, control passes to the BASIC error handler and the program stops executing.
5. For current program development, see the WHEN ERROR statement.
6. It is not recommended that you mix ON ERROR statements with protected regions within the same program unit. For more information, see the Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS Alpha and VAX Systems User Manual.

Example

SUB LIST (STRING A) DECLARE STRING B ON ERROR GOTO err_block OPEN A FOR INPUT AS FILE #1 Input_loop: LINPUT #1, B PRINT B . . . GOTO Input_loop err_block: IF (ERR=11%) THEN CLOSE #1% RESUME done ELSE ON ERROR GOTO 0 END IF done: END SUB

The ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement disables ON ERROR error handling and passes control to the BASIC error handler when an error occurs.

Format

Syntax Rules

BASIC does not allow you to specify an ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement within an attached or detached handler or within a protected region.

Remarks

1. If an error is outstanding, execution of an ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement immediately transfers control to the BASIC error handler. The BASIC error handler will report the error and exit the program.
2. If there is no error outstanding, execution of an ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement causes subsequent errors to transfer control to the BASIC error handler.
3. When an ON ERROR GOTO 0 statement is executed, control is transferred to the BASIC error handler if an error occurred outside a protected region of a WHEN block.
4. If an error occurs within the protected region of a WHEN block and was propagated by the handler associated with the WHEN block, BASIC transfers control to the specified line number or label contained in the subprogram or DEF.
5. For current program development, see the WHEN ERROR statement.
6. It is not recommended that you mix ON ERROR statements with attached or detached handlers within the same program unit. For more information, see the Compaq BASIC for OpenVMS Alpha and VAX Systems User Manual.

Example

ON ERROR GOTO err_routine FOR I = 1% TO 10% PRINT "Please type a number" INPUT A NEXT I err_routine: IF ERR = 50 THEN RESUME ELSE ON ERROR GOTO 0 END IF

Output

Please type a number ? Ctrl/Z %BAS-F-ILLUSADEV, Illegal usage for device -BAS-I-ON_CHAFIL, on channel 0 for file SYS$INPUT:[TUTTI]SYSINPUT.DAT; at user PC 00000632 -RMS-F-DEV, error in device name or inappropriate device type for operation -BAS-I-FROLINMOD, from line 10 in module BADUSER

The ON...GOSUB statement transfers program control to one of several subroutines, depending on the value of a control expression.

Format

Syntax Rules

1. Int-exp determines which target BASIC selects as the GOSUB argument. If int-exp equals 1, BASIC selects the first target. If int-exp equals 2, BASIC selects the second target, and so on.
2. Target must be a valid BASIC line number or label and must exist in the current program unit.

Remarks

1. Control cannot be transferred into a statement block (such as FOR...NEXT, UNTIL...NEXT, WHILE...NEXT, DEF...END DEF, SELECT...END SELECT, WHEN...END WHEN, or HANDLER...END HANDLER).
2. If there is an OTHERWISE clause, and if int-exp is less than 1 or greater than the number of targets in the list, BASIC selects the target of the OTHERWISE clause.
3. If there is no OTHERWISE clause, and if int-exp is less than 1 or greater than the number of targets in the list, BASIC signals "ON statement out of range" (ERR=58).
4. If a target specifies a nonexecutable statement, BASIC transfers control to the first executable statement that lexically follows the target.
5. You can only use the ON...GOSUB statement inside a handler if all the targets are contained within the handler.
6. If you fail to handle an exception that occurs while an ON...GOSUB statement in the body of a subroutine is executing, the exception is handled by the default error handler. The exception is not handled by any WHEN block surrounding the ON...GOSUB statement that invoked the subroutine.
7. You can specify the ON...GOSUB statement inside a WHEN block if the ON...GOSUB target is in the same protected region, an outer protected region, or in a nonprotected region.
8. You cannot specify an ON...GOSUB statement inside a WHEN block if the ON...GOSUB target already resides in another protected region that does not contain the most current protected region.
9. The target cannot be more than 32,767 bytes away from the ON...GOSUB statement.

Example

100 INPUT "Please enter 1, 2 or 3"; A% ON A% GOSUB 1000, 2000, 3000 OTHERWISE err_routine GOTO done 1000 PRINT "That was a 1" RETURN 2000 PRINT "That was a 2" RETURN 3000 PRINT "That was a 3" RETURN err_routine: PRINT "Out of range: RETURN done: END PROGRAM