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OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
The ALLOCATE command in this example requests the allocation of any
RL02 disk device and assigns the logical name WORK to the device. The
completion message identifies the allocated device and indicates that
the assignment of the logical name WORK supersedes a previous
assignment of that name.
| #4 |
$ ALLOCATE $TAPE1
%DCL-I-ALLOC, _MUA0: allocated
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The ALLOCATE command in this example allocates the tape device MUA0,
which is associated with the logical name $TAPE1.
| #5 |
$ ALLOCATE /GENERIC RX50 ACCOUNTS
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The ALLOCATE command in this example allocates the first free diskette
drive and makes its name equivalent to the process logical name
ACCOUNTS.
ANALYZE/AUDIT
Invokes the Audit Analysis utility, which selectively extracts and
displays information from security audit log files or security archive
files.
For more information about the Audit Analysis utility, refer to the
OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual or online help.
Format
ANALYZE/AUDIT [filespec]
ANALYZE/CRASH_DUMP
Invokes the System Dump Analyzer utility, which analyzes a system dump
file. The /CRASH_DUMP qualifier is required.
For more information about the System Dump Analyzer utility on Alpha,
refer to the OpenVMS Alpha System Analysis Tools Manual or online help. For more information about
the System Dump Analyzer utility on VAX, refer to the OpenVMS VAX System Dump Analyzer Utility Manual or
online help.
Format
ANALYZE/CRASH_DUMP filespec
Description
Invokes the System Dump Analyzer utility, which analyzes a system dump
file. The /CRASH_DUMP qualifier is required.
For OpenVMS Alpha Systems
You can also use the ANALYZE/CRASH_DUMP command with process dumps.
However, the preferred command is ANALYZE/PROCESS, which provides
complete access to the information in the dump.
ANALYZE/DISK_STRUCTURE
Invokes the Analyze/Disk_Structure utility, which does the following:
- Checks the readability and validity of Files-11 On-Disk Structure
Level 1, 2, and 5 disk volumes
- Reports errors and inconsistencies
The /DISK_STRUCTURE qualifier is required.
For more information about the Analyze/Disk_Structure utility, refer to
the OpenVMS System Management Utilities Reference Manual or online help.
Format
ANALYZE/DISK_STRUCTURE device-name[:]
ANALYZE/IMAGE
Analyzes the contents of an executable image file or a shareable image
file on Alpha, VAX, and translated VAX images, and checks for obvious
errors in the image file. The /IMAGE qualifier is required. For general
information about image files, refer to the description of the linker
in the OpenVMS Linker Utility Manual. (Use the ANALYZE/OBJECT command to analyze the
contents of an object file.)
Note
The OpenVMS VAX Version 6.1 and 6.2 ANALYZE/IMAGE command cannot
analyze an OpenVMS Alpha image.
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Format
ANALYZE/IMAGE filespec[,...]
Parameter
filespec[,...]
Specifies the name of one or more image files that you want analyzed.
You must specify at least one file name. If you specify more than one
file, separate the file specifications with either commas (,) or plus
signs (+). The default file type is .EXE.
The asterisk (*) and percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed
in the file specification.
Description
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command provides a description of the components of
an executable image file or shareable image file. It also verifies that
the structure of the major parts of the image file is correct. However,
the ANALYZE/IMAGE command cannot ensure that program execution is error
free.
If errors are found, the first error of the worst severity is returned.
For example, if a warning (A) and two errors (B and C) are found, the
first error (B) is returned as the image exit status. The image exit
status is placed in the DCL symbol $STATUS at image exit.
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command distinguishes Alpha system image files from
VAX system image files by examining the extended image header (EIHD).
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command provides the following information:
- Image type---Identifies whether the image is executable or
shareable.
- Image transfer addresses---Identify the addresses to which control
is passed at image execution time.
- Image version---Identifies the revision level (major ID and minor
ID) of the image.
- Location and size of the image's symbol vector (Alpha only).
- Location of the debugger symbol table (DST)---Identifies the
location of the DST in the image file. DST information is present only
in executable images that have been linked with the /DEBUG or the
/TRACEBACK command qualifier.
- Location of the global symbol table (GST)---Identifies the location
of the GST in the image file. GST information is present only in
shareable image files.
- Patch information---Indicates whether the image has been patched
(changed without having been recompiled or reassembled and relinked).
If a patch is present, the actual patch code can be displayed.
- Image section descriptors (ISD)---Identify portions of the image
binary contents that are grouped in OpenVMS Cluster systems according
to their attributes. An ISD contains information that the image
activator needs when it initializes the address space for an image. For
example, an ISD tells whether the ISD is shareable, whether it is
readable or writable, whether it is based or position independent, and
how much memory should be allocated.
- Fixup vectors---Contain information that the image activator needs
to ensure the position independence of shareable image references.
- System version categories---For an image that is linked against the
executive (the system shareable image on Alpha or the system symbol
table on VAX), displays both the values of the system version
categories for which the image was linked originally and the values for
the system that is currently running. You can use these values to
identify changes in the system since the image was linked last.
The ANALYZE/IMAGE command has command qualifiers and positional
qualifiers. By default, if you do not specify any positional qualifiers
(for example, /GST or /HEADER), the entire image is analyzed. If you do
specify a positional qualifier, the analysis excludes all other
positional qualifiers except the /HEADER qualifier (which is always
enabled) and any qualifier that you request explicitly.
Qualifiers
/FIXUP_SECTION
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all information in the fixup
section of the image.
If you specify the /FIXUP_SECTION qualifier after the ANALYZE/IMAGE
command, the fixup section of each image file in the parameter list is
analyzed.
If you specify the /FIXUP_SECTION qualifier after a file specification,
only the information in the fixup section of that image file is
analyzed.
/GST
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all global symbol table
records. This qualifier is valid only for shareable images.
If you specify the /GST qualifier after the ANALYZE/IMAGE command, the
global symbol table records of each image file in the parameter list
are analyzed.
If you specify the /GST qualifier after a file specification, only the
global symbol table records of that file are analyzed.
/HEADER
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all header items and image
section descriptions. The image header items are always analyzed.
/INTERACTIVE
/NOINTERACTIVE (default)
Specifies whether the analysis is interactive. In interactive mode, as
each item is analyzed, the results are displayed on the screen and you
are asked whether you want to continue.
/OUTPUT=filespec
Identifies the output file for storing the results of the image
analysis. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
are not allowed in the file specification. If you specify a file type
and omit the file name, the default file name ANALYZE is used. The
default file type is .ANL. If you omit the qualifier, the results are
output to the current SYS$OUTPUT device.
/PATCH_TEXT
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis include all patch text records. If you
specify the /PATCH_TEXT qualifier after the ANALYZE/IMAGE command, the
patch text records of each image file in the parameter list are
analyzed.
If you specify the /PATCH_TEXT qualifier after a file specification,
only the patch text records of that file are analyzed.
/SELECT=(keyword[,...])
Allows for the collection of specific image or object file information
and displays the selected keyword items in the order specified.
The keywords are as follows:
| Keyword |
Description |
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ARCHITECTURE
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Returns "OpenVMS Alpha" if the file is either an OpenVMS Alpha image or
object file. Returns "OpenVMS VAX" if the file is either an OpenVMS VAX
image or object file. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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BUILD_IDENTIFICATION
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For OpenVMS Alpha image files, returns the image build identification
stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks. For OpenVMS
VAX image files, the null string that is represented by adjacent
quotation marks is returned. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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FILE_TYPE
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Returns "Image" if the file is an OpenVMS VAX or Alpha image file.
Returns "Object" if the file is an OpenVMS VAX or Alpha object file.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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IDENTIFICATION
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image
identification that is stored in the image header, enclosed in
quotation marks. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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IMAGE_TYPE
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Returns "Shareable" if the file is either an OpenVMS Alpha or OpenVMS
VAX sharable image file. Returns "Executable" if the file is either an
OpenVMS Alpha or OpenVMS VAX executable (nonsharable) image file.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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LINK_TIME
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image link time
that is stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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NAME
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image name that
is stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks. Otherwise,
returns "Unknown".
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Examples
| #1 |
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE LINEDT
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The ANALYZE/IMAGE command in this example produces a description and an
error analysis of the image LINEDT.EXE. Output is sent to the current
SYS$OUTPUT device. By default, the entire image is analyzed.
| #2 |
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/OUTPUT=LIALPHEX/FIXUP_SECTION/PATCH_TEXT LINEDT, ALPRIN
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The ANALYZE/IMAGE command in this example produces a description and an
error analysis of the fixup sections and patch text records of
LINEDT.EXE and ALPRIN.EXE in file LIALPHEX.ANL. Output is sent to the
file LIALPHEX.ANL.
| #3 |
$ ANALYZE/IMAGE/SELECT=(ARCH,FILE,NAME,IDENT,BUILD,LINK) *.EXE
DISK:[DIRECTORY]ALPHA.EXE;1
OpenVMS ALPHA
Image
"Test image ALPHA"
"A11-27"
"X5SC-SSB-0000"
13-APR-1998 07:16:19.24
DISK:[DIRECTORY]NO_HEADER.EXE;1
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
Unknown
DISK:[DIRECTORY]VAX.EXE;1
OpenVMS VAX
Image
"Test image VAX"
"V11-27"
""
4-NOV-1999 13:18:40:70
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This example displays the information requested about the executable
file, ALPHA.EXE, the unknown file, NO_HEADER.EXE, and the executable
file, VAX.EXE.
ANALYZE/MEDIA
Invokes the Bad Block Locator utility, which analyzes block-addressable
devices and records the location of blocks that cannot store data
reliably.
For more information about the Bad Block Locator utility, refer to the
OpenVMS Bad Block Locator Utility Manual (available on the Documentation CD-ROM) or online help.
Format
ANALYZE/MEDIA device
ANALYZE/OBJECT
Analyzes the contents of an object file. Also, checks for any obvious
errors. The /OBJECT qualifier is required. (Use the ANALYZE/IMAGE
command to analyze the contents of an image file.)
Format
ANALYZE/OBJECT filespec[,...]
Parameter
filespec[,...]
Specifies the object files or object module libraries you want analyzed
(the default file type is .OBJ). Use commas (,) or plus signs (+) to
separate file specifications. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%)
wildcard characters are allowed in the file specification.
Description
The ANALYZE/OBJECT command describes the contents of one or more object
modules contained in one or more files. It also performs a partial
error analysis. This analysis determines whether all records in an
object module conform in content, format, and sequence to the
specifications of the Alpha or VAX Object Language.
The ANALYZE/OBJECT command automatically distinguishes Alpha objects
from VAX objects by examining the format of the extended object modules
header (EOMH).
ANALYZE/OBJECT is intended primarily for programmers of compilers,
debuggers, or other software involving the operating system's object
modules. It checks that the object language records generated by the
object modules are acceptable to the Linker utility, and it identifies
certain errors in the file. It also provides a description of the
records in the object file or object module library. For more
information on the linker and on the Alpha and VAX object languages,
refer to the OpenVMS Linker Utility Manual.
The ANALYZE/OBJECT command analyzes the object modules in order, record
by record, from the first to the last record in the object module.
Fields in each record are analyzed in order from the first to the last
field in the record. After the object module is analyzed, you should
compare the content and format of each type of record to the required
content and format of that record as described by the OpenVMS Alpha or
OpenVMS VAX Object Language. This comparison is particularly important
if the analysis output contains a diagnostic message.
Linking an object module differs from analyzing an object module.
Object language commands are not executed in an analysis, but they are
executed in a linking operation. As a result, even if the analysis is
error free, the linking operation may not be. In particular, the
analysis does not check the following:
- That data arguments in TIR commands are in the correct format
- That "Store Data" TIR commands are storing within legal
address limits
Therefore, as a final check, you should still link an object module
whose analysis is error free.
If an error is found, however, the first error of the worst severity
that is discovered is returned. For example, if a warning (A) and two
errors (B and C) are signaled, then the first error (B) is returned as
the image exit status, which is placed in the DCL symbol $STATUS at
image exit.
ANALYZE/OBJECT uses positional qualifiers; that is, qualifiers whose
function depends on their position in the command line. When a
positional qualifier precedes all of the input files in a command line,
it affects all input files. For example, the following command line
requests that the analysis include the global symbol directory records
in files A, B, and C:
$ ANALYZE/OBJECT/GSD A,B,C
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Conversely, when a positional qualifier is associated with only one
file in the parameter list, only that file is affected. For example,
the following command line requests that the analysis include the
global symbol directory records in file B only:
$ ANALYZE/OBJECT A,B/GSD,C
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Typically, all records in an object module are analyzed. However, when
the /DBG, /EOM, /GSD, /LNK, /MHD, /TBT, or /TIR qualifier is specified,
only the record types indicated by the qualifiers are analyzed. All
other record types are ignored.
By default, the analysis includes all record types unless you
explicitly request a limited analysis using appropriate qualifiers.
Note
End-of-module (EOM) records and module header (MHD) records are always
analyzed, no matter which qualifiers you specify.
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Qualifiers
/DBG
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all debugger information
records. If you want the analysis to include debugger information for
all files in the parameter list, insert the /DBG qualifier immediately
following the /OBJECT qualifier. If you want the analysis to include
debugger information selectively, insert the /DBG qualifier immediately
following each of the selected file specifications.
/EOM
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should be limited to MHD records, EOM
records, and records explicitly specified by the command. If you want
this to apply to all files in the parameter list, insert the /EOM
qualifier immediately following the /OBJECT qualifier.
To make the /EOM qualifier applicable selectively, insert it
immediately following each of the selected file specifications.
Note
End-of-module records can be EOM or EOMW records. Refer to the
OpenVMS Linker Utility Manual for more information.
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/GSD
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all global symbol directory
(GSD) records.
If you want the analysis to include GSD records for each file in the
parameter list, specify the /GSD qualifier immediately following the
/OBJECT qualifier.
If you want the analysis to include GSD records selectively, insert the
/GSD qualifier immediately following each of the selected file
specifications.
/INCLUDE[=(module[,...])]
When the specified file is an object module library, use this qualifier
to list selected object modules within the library for analysis. If you
omit the list or specify an asterisk (*), all modules are analyzed. If
you specify only one module, you can omit the parentheses.
/INTERACTIVE
/NOINTERACTIVE (default)
Controls whether the analysis occurs interactively. In interactive
mode, as each record is analyzed, the results are displayed on the
screen, and you are asked whether you want to continue.
/LNK
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all link option
specification (LNK) records.
If you want the analysis to include LNK records for each file in the
parameter list, specify the /LNK qualifier immediately following the
/OBJECT qualifier.
If you want the analysis to include LNK records selectively, insert the
/LNK qualifier immediately following each of the selected file
specifications.
/MHD
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should be limited to MHD records, EOM
records, and records explicitly specified by the command. If you want
this analysis to apply to all files in the parameter list, insert the
/MHD qualifier immediately following the /OBJECT qualifier.
To make the /MHD qualifier applicable selectively, insert immediately
following each of the selected file specifications.
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
Directs the output of the object analysis (the default is SYS$OUTPUT).
If you specify a file type and omit the file name, the default file
name ANALYZE is used. The default file type is .ANL.
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not
allowed in the file specification.
/SELECT=(keyword[,...])
Allows for the collection of specific image or object file information
and displays the selected keyword items in the order specified.
The keywords are as follows:
| Keyword |
Description |
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ARCHITECTURE
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Returns "OpenVMS Alpha" if the file is either an OpenVMS Alpha image or
object file. Returns "OpenVMS VAX" if the file is either an OpenVMS VAX
image or object file. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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BUILD_IDENTIFICATION
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For OpenVMS Alpha image files, returns the image build identification
stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks. For OpenVMS
VAX image files, the null string that is represented by adjacent
quotation marks is returned. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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FILE_TYPE
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Returns "Image" if the file is an OpenVMS VAX or Alpha image file.
Returns "Object" if the file is an OpenVMS VAX or Alpha object file.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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IDENTIFICATION
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image
identification that is stored in the image header, enclosed in
quotation marks. Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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IMAGE_TYPE
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Returns "Shareable" if the file is either an OpenVMS Alpha or OpenVMS
VAX sharable image file. Returns "Executable" if the file is either an
OpenVMS Alpha or OpenVMS VAX executable (nonsharable) image file.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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LINK_TIME
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image link time
that is stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks.
Otherwise, returns "Unknown".
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NAME
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For both OpenVMS Alpha and VAX image files, returns the image name that
is stored in the image header, enclosed in quotation marks. Otherwise,
returns "Unknown".
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/TBT
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all module traceback (TBT)
records.
If you want the analysis to include TBT records for each file in the
parameter list, specify the /TBT qualifier immediately following the
/OBJECT qualifier.
If you want the analysis to include TBT records selectively, insert the
/TBT qualifier immediately following each of the selected file
specifications.
/TIR
Positional qualifier.
Specifies that the analysis should include all text information and
relocation (TIR) records.
If you want the analysis to include TIR records for each file in the
parameter list, specify the /TIR qualifier immediately following the
/OBJECT qualifier.
If you want the analysis to include TIR records selectively, insert the
/TIR qualifier immediately following the selected file specifications.
Examples
| #1 |
$ ANALYZE/OBJECT/INTERACTIVE LINEDT
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In this example, the ANALYZE/OBJECT command produces a description and
a partial error analysis of the object file LINEDT.OBJ. By default, all
types of records are analyzed. Output is to the terminal, because the
/INTERACTIVE qualifier has been used. As each item is analyzed, the
utility displays the results on the screen and asks if you want to
continue.
| #2 |
$ ANALYZE/OBJECT/OUTPUT=LIOBJ/DBG LINEDT
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In this example, the ANALYZE/OBJECT command analyzes only the debugger
information records of the file LINEDT.OBJ. Output is to the file
LIOBJ.ANL.
| #3 |
$ ANALYZE/OBJECT/SELECT=(ARCH,FILE) *.OBJ
DISK:[DIRECTORY]ALPHA.OBJ;1
OpenVMS ALPHA
Object
DISK:[DIRECTORY]MISNAMED.OBJ;1
Unknown
Unknown
DISK:[DIRECTORY]VAX.OBJ;1
OpenVMS VAX
Object
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This example displays the information requested about the object file,
ALPHA.OBJ, the unknown file, MISNAMED.OBJ, and the object file, VAX.OBJ.
ANALYZE/PROCESS_DUMP
Invokes the OpenVMS Debugger to analyze a process dump file that was
created when an image failed during execution. (Use the /DUMP qualifier
with the RUN or the SET PROCESS command to generate a dump file.)
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