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OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
DUMP
Displays the contents of a file, a directory, a disk volume, a magnetic
tape volume, or a CD-ROM volume in decimal, hexadecimal, octal format,
ASCII, or formatted data structures. This command can be used to
generate process dumps.
Format
DUMP filespec [,...]
Parameter
filespec [,...]
Specifies the file or name of the device being dumped.
If the specified device is not a disk, a tape, or a network device, or
if the device is mounted with the /FOREIGN qualifier, the file
specification must contain only the device name.
If the specified device is a network device, a disk device, or a tape
device that is mounted without the /FOREIGN qualifier, the file
specification can contain the asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%)
wildcard characters.
Files-11 C/D format standards have been implemented on mounted and
foreign mounted volumes.
Description
By default, the DUMP command formats the output both in ASCII
characters and in hexadecimal longwords. You can specify another format
for the dump by using a radix qualifier (/OCTAL, /DECIMAL, or
/HEXADECIMAL) or a length qualifier (/BYTE, /WORD, or /LONGWORD).
Dumping Files
If the input medium is a network device, a disk device, or a tape
device that is mounted without the /FOREIGN qualifier, the DUMP command
operates on files. You can dump files by either records or blocks. The
asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard character specifications
can be used to select a group of files for processing.
Dumping Volumes
If the input medium is not a disk or a tape device, or if it is mounted
with the /FOREIGN qualifier, the DUMP command operates on the input
device as a non-file-structured (NFS) medium. Disk devices are dumped
by 512-byte logical blocks. Other devices are dumped by physical
blocks. No repositioning of the input medium occurs; therefore,
consecutive blocks on a tape can be dumped by a single DUMP command.
If you have LOG_IO (logical I/O) privilege, you can dump random blocks
on a Files-11 volume. For example, by using the /BLOCKS qualifier, you
could dump block 100 on the system disk.
Dumping Processes
If you use the /PROCESS qualifier, the DUMP command attempts to
generate a process dump file.
Reading Dumps
The ASCII representation is read left to right. The hexadecimal,
decimal, and octal representations are read right to left.
Specifying Numeric Qualifier Values
The numeric values for the /BLOCKS, /RECORDS, and /NUMBER qualifiers
can be specified either as decimal numbers or with a leading %X, %O, or
%D to signify hexadecimal, octal, or decimal numbers respectively. For
example, the following are all valid ways to specify decimal value 24:
24
%X18
%O30
%D24
Qualifiers
/ALLOCATED
Includes in the dump all blocks allocated to the file. (By default, the
dump does not include blocks following the end-of-file [EOF].)
You can specify the /ALLOCATED qualifier if the input is a disk that is
mounted without the /FOREIGN qualifier. The /ALLOCATED and /RECORDS
qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/BLOCKS[=(option[,...])]
Dumps the specified blocks one block at a time, which is the default
method for all devices except network devices.
Block numbers are specified as integers relative to the beginning of
the file. Typically, blocks are numbered beginning with 1. If a disk
device is mounted using the /FOREIGN qualifier, blocks are numbered
beginning with zero. Select a range of blocks to be dumped by
specifying one of the following options:
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START:
n
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Specifies the number of the first block to be dumped; the default is
the first block.
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END:
n
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Specifies the number of the last block to be dumped; the default is the
last block or the end-of-file (EOF) block, depending on whether you
have specified the /ALLOCATED qualifier.
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COUNT:
n
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Specifies the number of blocks to be dumped. The COUNT option provides
an alternative to the END option; you cannot specify both.
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If you specify only one option, you can omit the parentheses.
The /BLOCKS and /RECORDS qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
Use the /BLOCKS qualifier to dump random blocks from Files-11 volumes.
This procedure requires LOG-IO (logical I/O) privilege.
/BYTE
Formats the dump in bytes. The /BYTE, /LONGWORD, and /WORD qualifiers
are mutually exclusive. The default format is composed of longwords.
/DECIMAL
Dumps the file in decimal radix. The /DECIMAL, /HEXADECIMAL (default),
and /OCTAL qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/DESCRIPTOR[=(option[,...])]
Dumps the specified ISO 9660 volume descriptors in a formatted manner.
If /NOFORMATTED is specified, block mode format is used.
The descriptor options that you can specify are as follows:
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BOOT:
n
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Searches for the
nth occurrence of a Boot Record.
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PVD:
n
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Searches for the
nth occurrence of a Primary Volume Descriptor.
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SVD:
n
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Searches for the
nth occurrence of a Supplementary Volume Descriptor.
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VPD:
n
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Searches for the
nth occurrence of a Volume Partition Descriptor.
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VDST:
n
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Searches for the
nth occurrence of a Volume Descriptor Set Terminator.
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If you specify only one option, you can omit the parentheses.
ISO 9660 descriptors are specified by their ordinal position from the
start of the volume, defaulting to 1 if they are not specified. The ISO
9660 volume is sequentially searched from the beginning of the volume
descriptor set sequence to the end to find the specified descriptor and
output it in a formatted manner.
/DIRECTORY
Dumps data blocks of the specified file as formatted on-disk structures
for Files-11 On-Disk Structure Level 1, 2, or 5 directory records, ISO
9660, or High Sierra directory records.
/EXACT
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify a search
string that must match the search string exactly and must be enclosed
with quotation marks (" ").
If you specify the /EXACT qualifier without the /SEARCH qualifier,
exact search mode is enabled when you set the search string with the
Find (E1) key.
/FILE_HEADER
Dumps each data block that is a valid Files-11 header in Files-11
header format rather than in the selected radix and length formats.
/FORMATTED (default)
/NOFORMATTED
Dumps the file header in Files-11 format; the /NOFORMATTED qualifier
dumps the file header in octal format. This qualifier is useful only
when the /HEADER qualifier is specified.
/HEADER
Dumps the file header and access control list (ACL). To dump only the
file header, and not the file contents, also specify /BLOCK=(COUNT:0).
The /HEADER qualifier is invalid for devices mounted using the /FOREIGN
qualifier.
Use the /FORMATTED qualifier to control the format of the display.
You can use the /FILE_HEADER qualifier with the /HEADER qualifier to
have Files-11 file headers printed in an interpreted representation.
By default, the file header is not displayed.
/HEXADECIMAL (default)
Dumps the file in hexadecimal radix. The /DECIMAL, /HEXADECIMAL
(default), and /OCTAL qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify the type of
highlighting you want when a search string is found. When a string is
found, the entire line is highlighted. You can use the following
keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default
highlighting.
/IDENTIFIER=file-id
Dumps the file selected by the file identification (FID) number from
the specified volume. For further information, see the /FILE_ID
qualifier from the DCL command, DIRECTORY.
/LONGWORD (default)
Formats the dump in longwords. The /BYTE, /LONGWORD, and /WORD
qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/MEDIA_FORMAT=keyword
Specifies the format in which a data structure is to be dumped. If you
specify this qualifier, you must use one of the following keywords:
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CDROM
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Specifies ISO 9660 media format. This format is the default if you do
not specify the /MEDIA_FORMAT qualifier.
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CDROM_HS
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Specifies High Sierra media format.
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/NUMBER[=n]
Specifies how byte offsets are assigned to the lines of output. If you
specify the /NUMBER qualifier, the byte offsets increase continuously
through the dump, beginning with n; if you omit the /NUMBER
qualifier, the first byte offset is zero. By default, the byte offset
is reset to zero at the beginning of each block or record.
/OCTAL
Dumps the file in octal radix. The /DECIMAL, /HEXADECIMAL (default),
and /OCTAL qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
Specifies the output file for the dump. If you do not specify a file
specification, the default is the file name of the file being dumped
and the file type .DMP. If the /OUTPUT qualifier is not specified, the
dump goes to SYS$OUTPUT. The /OUTPUT and /PRINTER qualifiers are
mutually exclusive.
/PAGE[=keyword]
/NOPAGE (default)
Controls the display of dump information on the screen.
You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:
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CLEAR_SCREEN
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Clears the screen before each page is displayed.
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SCROLL
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Displays information one line at a time.
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SAVE[=
n]
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Enables screen navigation of information, where
n is the number of pages to store.
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The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens of
information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens of up to
255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier, you
can use the following keys to navigate through the information:
| Key Sequence |
Description |
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Up arrow key, Ctrl/B
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Scroll up one line.
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Down arrow key
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Scroll down one line.
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Left arrow key
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Scroll left one column.
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Right arrow key
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Scroll right one column.
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Find (E1)
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Specify a string to find when the information is displayed.
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Insert Here (E2)
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Scroll right one half screen.
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Remove (E3)
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Scroll left one half screen.
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Select (E4)
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Toggle 80/132 column mode.
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Prev Screen (E5)
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Get the previous page of information.
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Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space
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Get the next page of information.
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F10, Ctrl/Z
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Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)
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Help (F15)
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Display utility help text.
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Do (F16)
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Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.
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Ctrl/W
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Refresh the display.
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The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
/PATH_TABLE
Dumps data blocks in ISO 9660 Path Table format.
/PRINTER
Queues the dump to SYS$PRINT in a file named with the file name of the
file being dumped and the file type .DMP. If the /PRINTER qualifier is
not specified, the dump goes to SYS$OUTPUT. The asterisk (*) and the
percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed. The /OUTPUT and
/PRINTER qualifiers are mutually exclusive.
/PROCESS [/ID=pid] [process-name]
Attempts to generate a process dump. The default process is the current
process. To generate a target process dump, specify either the process
ID or the process name.
/RECORDS[=(option[,...])]
Dumps the file a record at a time rather than a block at a time. (By
default, input is dumped one block at a time for all devices except
network devices.)
Records are numbered beginning with 1.
Select a range of records to be dumped by specifying one of the
following options:
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START:
n
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Specifies the number of the first record to be dumped; the default is
the first record.
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END:
n
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Specifies the number of the last record to be dumped; the default is
the last record of the file.
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COUNT:
n
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Specifies the number of records to be dumped. The COUNT option provides
an alternative to the END option; you cannot specify both.
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If you specify only one option, you can omit the parentheses.
If you specify the /RECORDS qualifier, you cannot specify the
/ALLOCATED or the /BLOCKS qualifier.
/SEARCH="string"
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to specify a string that you want to
find in the information being displayed. Quotation marks are required
for the /SEARCH qualifier, if you include spaces in the text string.
You can also dynamically change the search string by pressing the Find
key (E1) while the information is being displayed. Quotation marks are
not required for a dynamic search.
/STYLE=keyword
Specifies the file name format for display purposes while performing a
file dump.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
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CONDENSED (default)
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Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into
a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID
abbreviation in the file specification.
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EXPANDED
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Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This
file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.
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The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This
qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the output
header.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification unless
the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for more information.
/VALIDATE_HEADER
Verifies /DIRECTORY records for Files-11.
/WIDTH=n
Formats the dump output into 80 or 132 columns by specifying n
as either 80 or 132.
/WORD
Formats the dump in words. The /BYTE, /LONGWORD, and /WORD qualifiers
are mutually exclusive.
/WRAP
/NOWRAP (default)
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns to the
width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond the width of
the screen to the next line.
The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the screen and
can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and right) features
provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
Examples
| #1 |
$ DUMP TEST.DAT
Dump of file DISK0:[MOORE]TEST.DAT;1 on 14-DEC-2001 15:43:26.08
File ID (3134,818,2) End of file block 1 / Allocated 3
Virtual block number 1 (00000001), 512 (0200) bytes
706D6173 20612073 69207369 68540033 3.This is a samp 000000
73752065 62206F74 20656C69 6620656C le file to be us 000010
61786520 504D5544 2061206E 69206465 ed in a DUMP exa 000020
00000000 00000000 0000002E 656C706D mple............ 000030
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000040
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000050
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 000060
.
.
.
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001E0
00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 ................ 0001F0
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The DUMP command displays the contents of TEST.DAT both in hexadecimal
longword format and in ASCII beginning with the first block in the file.
| #2 |
$ DUMP TEST.DAT/OCTAL/BYTE
Dump of file DISK0:[SCHELL]TEST.DAT;1 on 14-DEC-2001 15:45:33.58
File ID (74931,2,1) End of file block 1 / Allocated 3
Virtual block number 1 (00000001), 512 (0200) bytes
151 040 163 151 150 124 000 063 3.This i 000000
160 155 141 163 040 141 040 163 s a samp 000010
040 145 154 151 146 040 145 154 le file 000020
163 165 040 145 142 040 157 164 to be us 000030
040 141 040 156 151 040 144 145 ed in a 000040
141 170 145 040 120 115 125 104 DUMP exa 000050
377 377 000 056 145 154 160 155 mple.... 000060
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ........ 000070
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ........ 000100
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ........ 000110
.
.
.
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ........ 000760
000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ........ 000770
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The DUMP command displays the image of the file TEST.DAT, formatted
both in octal bytes and in ASCII characters beginning with the first
block.
| #3 |
$ DUMP NODE3::DISK2:[STATISTICS]RUN1.DAT
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This command line dumps the file RUN1.DAT that is located at remote
node NODE3. The default DUMP format will be used.
| #4 |
$ DUMP/HEADER/BLOCK=COUNT=0 SYS$SYSTEM:DATASHARE.EXE
Dump of file SYS$SYSTEM:DATASHARE.EXE on 12-NOV-2001 16:06:46.75
File ID (16706,59,0) End of file block 410 / Allocated 411
File Header
Header area
Identification area offset: 40
Map area offset: 100
Access control area offset: 255
Reserved area offset: 255
Extension segment number: 0
Structure level and version: 2, 1
File identification: (16706,59,0)
Extension file identification: (0,0,0)
VAX RMS attributes
Record type: Fixed
File organization: Sequential
Record attributes: <none specified>
Record size: 512
Highest block: 411
End of file block: 410
End of file byte: 414
Bucket size: 0
Fixed control area size: 0
Maximum record size: 512
Default extension size: 0
Global buffer count: 0
Directory version limit: 0
File characteristics: Contiguous best try
Caching attribute: Writethrough
Map area words in use: 3
Access mode: 0
File owner UIC: [1,4]
File protection: S:RWED, O:RWED, G:RE, W:
Back link file identification: (7149,80,0)
Journal control flags: <none specified>
Active recovery units: None
Highest block written: 411
Client attributes: None
Identification area
File name: DATASHARE.EXE
Revision number: 1
Creation date: 12-AUG-2001 14:06:49.84
Revision date: 12-AUG-2001 14:06:53.20
Expiration date: <none specified>
Backup date: <none specified>
Map area
Retrieval pointers
Count: 411 LBN: 1297155
Checksum: 30710
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In this example, the DUMP command dumps the file header of the
specified file. Because this file is recorded on Files-11 ODS-2 9660
media, the file header is displayed in a Files-11 File Header format.
Imbedded on the Files-11 Header is a VAX RMS attributes block.
| #5 |
$ DUMP/HEADER/BLOCK=COUNT=0 DISK$GRIPS_2:[000000]AAREADME.TXT;
Dump of file DISK$GRIPS_2:[000000]AAREADME.TXT;1 on 15-DEC-2001
10:07:29.70
File ID (4,6,0) End of file block 29 / Allocated 29
ISO 9660 File Header
Length of Directory Record: 48
Extended Attribute Length: 1
Location of Extent (LSB/MSB): 312/312
Data Length of File Section (LSB/MSB): 14640/14640
Recording Date and Time 10-DEC-2001 16:22:30 GMT(0)
File Flags RECORD, PROTECTION
Interleave File Unit size: 0
Interleave Gap size: 0
Volume Sequence # of extent (LSB/MSB): 1/1
File Identifier Field Length: 14
File Identifier: AAREADME.TXT;1
System Use
5458542E 454D4441 45524141 0E010000 01000018 001E1610 100B5930 39000000
...90Y..............AAREADME.TXT 000000
00313B
;1.............................. 000020
Extended Attribute record
Owner Identification (LSB/MSB): 7/7
Group Identification (LSB/MSB): 246/246
Access permission for classes of users S:R, O:R, G:RE, W:RE
File Creation Date/Time: 5-OCT-2001 14:17:49.29 GMT(0)
File Modification Date/Time: 6-NOV-2001 16:22:30.96 GMT(0)
File Expiration Date/Time: 00-00-0000 00:00:00.00 GMT(0)
File Effective Date/Time: 00-00-0000 00:00:00.00 GMT(0)
Record Format Fixed
Record Attributes CRLF
Record Length (LSB/MSB): 80/80
System Identifier:
System Use
Extended Attribute Version: 1
Escape Sequence record length: 0
Application Use Length (LSB/MSB): 0/0
Application Use
VAX RMS attributes
Record type: Fixed
File organization: Sequential
Record attributes: Implied carriage control
Record size: 80
Highest block: 29
End of file block: 29
End of file byte: 304
Bucket size: 0
Fixed control area size: 0
Maximum record size: 80
Default extension size: 0
Global buffer count: 0
Directory version limit: 0
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The DUMP/HEADER command dumps the file header of the specified file.
Because this file is recorded on ISO 9660 media, the file header is
displayed in the format of an ISO 9660 File Header and, since this file
contains an optional ISO 9660 Extended Attribute Record (XAR), it is
also displayed. Finally, as with all DUMP/HEADER requests, VAX RMS
attributes are displayed.
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