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OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
The READ command requests data from the current SYS$COMMAND device. If
the command procedure containing these lines is executed interactively,
the command issues a prompt to the terminal, accepts a line of data,
and equates the data entered to the symbol name DATA_LINE.
Then the WRITE command writes the value of the symbol DATA_LINE to the
file identified by the logical name OUTPUT_FILE.
| #4 |
$ OPEN/READ INPUT_FILE TRNTO::INVENTORY.DAT
$ OPEN/APPEND OUTPUT_FILE RECEIVE.DAT
$ READ INPUT_FILE DATA_LINE
$ WRITE OUTPUT_FILE DATA_LINE
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The OPEN/READ command opens the file INVENTORY.DAT at the remote node
TRNTO for reading and assigns it the logical name INPUT_FILE. The
OPEN/APPEND command opens the file RECEIVE.DAT in the current default
directory. The READ command requests data from the file INVENTORY.DAT
at the remote node TRNTO. The WRITE command writes the value of the
symbol DATA_LINE to the end of the local file RECEIVE.DAT.
RECALL
Displays up to 254 previously entered commands on the screen for
subsequent execution.
Format
RECALL [command-specifier]
Parameter
command-specifier
Specifies the number or the first several characters of the command you
want to recall. You cannot use any of the qualifiers in conjunction
with a command-specifier.
The specified characters should be unique. If they are not unique, the
RECALL command displays the most recently entered command line that
matches those characters. For example, suppose you enter a SHOW STATUS
command and later enter a SHOW TIME command. If you then type RECALL S,
the SHOW TIME command is recalled. You must type RECALL SHOW S to
recall the SHOW STATUS command. The number of the command can be from 1
to 254 (where 1 is the last command entered).
The RECALL command itself is never assigned a number. If no command
specifier is entered, the RECALL command recalls the most recently
entered command. You can use the /ALL qualifier to have the system
display all the commands in the recall buffer, along with their command
numbers, to verify the number of the command you want to recall.
Description
When you enter commands to the system, they are stored in a recall
buffer for later use with the RECALL command. Input to the INQUIRE
command in command procedures is also placed in the recall buffer. The
RECALL command itself is never stored in the recall buffer. You can use
continuation characters with the commands to be recalled, but only 255
characters can be read at a time.
The recall buffer can hold up to 254 commands. The size of the recall
buffer is 4Kb, which will store approximately 80 commands at 48
characters each.
If the length of stored commands makes it necessary, one or more of the
oldest commands will be removed from the recall buffer to make room for
the most recent command.
When you use the RECALL command, the system displays the command but
does not process it. If you want it processed as it appears, press
Return. You can use the command line editing facility to make minor
changes in the command line and then press Return to process the
revised version of the command.
Qualifiers
/ALL
Displays all the commands (and their numbers) available for recall. Do
not use the /ALL qualifier with the other RECALL qualifiers.
Note
The RECALL command is never stored in the recall buffer.
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/ERASE
Erases the contents of the recall buffer.
/INPUT=filespec
Causes each line of the input file to be added to the recall buffer. If
a file type is not specified with the file name, .LIS is the default.
The file specification cannot include the asterisk (*) and the percent
sign (%) wildcard characters.
If the /ERASE qualifier is also specified, the contents of the recall
buffer are erased before the contents of the specified file are read
into the recall buffer.
The /INPUT qualifier is incompatible with the /ALL and /PAGE qualifiers.
/OUTPUT=filespec
Specifies the name of the output file where the contents of the recall
buffer are written. If you do not specify a file type, the default is
.LIS. The file specification cannot include the asterisk (*) and the
percent sign (%) wildcard characters.
If the /ERASE qualifier is also specified, the contents of the recall
buffer are erased after the contents of the recall buffer are written
to the specified file.
The /OUTPUT qualifier is incompatible with the /ALL and /PAGE
qualifiers.
/PAGE
/NOPAGE (default)
Displays all the commands (and their numbers) available for recall one
screen at a time. The /NOPAGE qualifier produces the same output as the
/ALL qualifier. You can cancel the output display by pressing Ctrl/Z.
The /PAGE qualifier is incompatible with the /INPUT and /OUTPUT
qualifiers.
Examples
The RECALL command in this example recalls the last command entered
that begins with the letter T.
| #2 |
$ SHOW DEFAULT
DISK3:[SMITH]
$ DIRECTORY SEPT*
%DIRECT-W-NOFILES, no files found
$ SET DEFAULT [SMITH.LETTERS]
$ RECALL/ALL
1 SET DEFAULT [SMITH.LETTERS]
2 DIRECTORY SEPT*
3 SHOW DEFAULT
$ RECALL 2
$ DIRECTORY SEPT*
%DIRECT-W-NOFILES, no files found
$ RECALL 2
$ SET DEFAULT [SMITH.LETTERS]
<edit command line>
$ SET DEFAULT [SMITH.MEMOS]
$ RECALL 2
$ DIRECTORY SEPT*
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This example starts with a SHOW DEFAULT and a DIRECTORY command. After
not finding the file you want, enter the SET DEFAULT command to move to
the LETTERS subdirectory. Next use the RECALL/ALL command to see the
list of commands you have entered. Enter the RECALL 2 command to repeat
the DIRECTORY command in the LETTERS subdirectory. Because you still
have not found the file you want, enter the RECALL 2 command again to
recall the SET DEFAULT command. (With the entry of the latest DIRECTORY
command, SET DEFAULT becomes command 2 in the RECALL list.) Edit the
command line so that the system sets the default to the MEMOS
subdirectory. Finally, recall the DIRECTORY command to try once more to
find the file.
| #3 |
$ TYPE COMMANDS.LIS
DIRECTORY
RUN AUTHORIZE
SET PROCESS/PRIVILEGES=ALL
$ RECALL/INPUT=COMMANDS.LIS
$ RECALL/ALL
1 SET PROCESS/PRIVILEGES=ALL
2 RUN AUTHORIZE
3 DIRECTORY
4 TYPE COMMANDS.LIS
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This example shows the contents of the COMMANDS.LIS file with the TYPE
command, then uses the RECALL/INPUT=COMMANDS.LIS command to place the
commands into the recall buffer. Issuing the RECALL/ALL command
subsequently shows the numbered display of commands in the recall
buffer.
| #4 |
$ RECALL/OUTPUT=NEW_COMMANDS.LIS
$ TYPE NEW_COMMANDS.LIS
TYPE COMMANDS.LIS
DIRECTORY
RUN AUTHORIZE
SET PROCESS/PRIVILEGES=ALL
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This example places the contents of the recall buffer (see the previous
example) into the NEW_COMMANDS.LIS file. Note that they are not
numbered and in the reverse sequence of the RECALL/ALL command output.
RENAME
Changes all or part of a file specification of an existing disk file or
disk directory.
Format
RENAME input-filespec[,...] output-filespec
Parameters
input-filespec[,...]
Specifies the name of one or more files whose specifications are to be
changed. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters
are allowed in the directory specification, file name, file type, or
version number fields of the file specification. When wildcard
characters are used, all files whose specifications satisfy the
wildcard fields are renamed.
output-filespec
Provides the new file specification to be applied to the input file.
The RENAME command uses the device, directory, file name, and file type
of the input file as defaults for fields in the output file that are
either unspecified, or are indicated by the asterisk (*) and the
percent sign (%) wildcard characters. Wildcard characters in
corresponding fields of the input and output file specification result
in multiple rename operations. The RENAME command supplies output file
version numbers in the following ways:
- If the output file specification contains an explicit version
number, that version number is used.
- If the output file specification contains an asterisk (*) or a
percent sign (%) wildcard character as the version number, the version
number of the input file is used.
- If the input file specification contains an asterisk (*) or a
percent sign (%) wildcard character as the version number, the version
number of each input file names a corresponding output file.
- If no file exists with the same file name and type as the output
file, the new file is assigned a version number of 1.
- If a file already exists with the same file name and type as the
output file, the next higher version number is used (unless the
/NONEWVERSION qualifier is specified).
Description
The RENAME command changes the directory name, file name, file type, or
version number of a file. The node and disk designation for the input
file specification must be the same as that for the output file
specification. In addition, you must have delete (D) access privileges
to a file to rename the file. You cannot rename a file across a network.
Qualifiers
/BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according to the dates
of their most recent backups. This qualifier is incompatible with the
/CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY
(default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code (UIC)
matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of the current
process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
/CONFIRM
/NOCONFIRM (default)
Controls whether a request is issued before each rename operation to
confirm that the operation should be performed on that file. The
following responses are valid:
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YES
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NO
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QUIT
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TRUE
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FALSE
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Ctrl/Z
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1
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0
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ALL
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[Return]
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You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters for word
responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters
(for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these abbreviations must be
unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative answers
include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing Return. Entering QUIT or pressing
Ctrl/Z indicates that you want to stop processing the command at that
point. When you respond by entering ALL, the command continues to
process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a response other
than one of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and
redisplays the prompt.
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their dates of
creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /EXPIRED,
and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files
according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the rename operation. You can include
a directory but not a device in the file specification. The asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed in the
file specification; however, you cannot use relative version numbers to
exclude a specific version. If you specify only one file, you can omit
the parentheses.
/EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to their
expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the SET
FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) This qualifier is incompatible with the
/BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/INHERIT_SECURITY
/NOINHERIT_SECURITY (default)
Controls whether the security profile (UIC, protection code, and ACL)
of the renamed file is altered. If you specify /INHERIT_SECURITY, a new
security profile is generated, as if a new file had been created with
the new file and directory names. Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to System Security or online
help (Hints topic) for a description of how a profile is assigned.
/LOG
/NOLOG (default)
Displays the file specification of each file as it is renamed.
/MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to the dates
on which they were last modified. This qualifier is incompatible with
the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/NEW_VERSION (default)
/NONEW_VERSION
Assigns a new version number if an output file specification is the
same as that of an existing file. The /NONEW_VERSION qualifier displays
an error message if an output file specification is the same as that of
an existing file. The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
characters appearing in the version field of an input or output file
overrides these qualifiers.
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated on or after the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY
(default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/STYLE=keyword
Specifies the file name format for display purposes.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
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CONDENSED (default)
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Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into
a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID
abbreviation in the file specification.
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EXPANDED
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Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This
file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.
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The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This
qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the output
message, along with the confirmation if requested.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification unless
the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for more information.
Examples
| #1 |
$ RENAME AVERAGE.OBJ OLDAVERAGE
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The RENAME command in this example renames the highest existing version
of the file AVERAGE.OBJ to OLDAVERAGE.OBJ. If no file named
OLDAVERAGE.OBJ currently exists, the new file is assigned a version
number 1.
| #2 |
$ RENAME/NONEW_VERSION SCANLINE.OBJ;2 BACKUP.OBJ
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The RENAME command in this example renames the file SCANLINE.OBJ;2 to
BACKUP.OBJ;2. The /NONEW_VERSION qualifier ensures that, if
BACKUP.OBJ;2 already exists, the RENAME command does not rename the
file, but instead reports the error.
| #3 |
$ RENAME *.TXT;* *.OLD;*
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The RENAME command in this example renames all versions of all files
with the file type TXT to have the file type OLD. The file names and
version numbers are not changed.
| #4 |
$ RENAME WATER.TXT [.MEMOS]
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The RENAME command in this example changes the directory name of
WATER.TXT from your default directory to the MEMOS subdirectory. (The
RENAME command moves the file to another directory.)
| #5 |
$ RENAME [BORDERS.TESTFILES]SAVE.DAT []TEST
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The RENAME command in this example renames the file SAVE.DAT in the
directory BORDERS.TESTFILES to TEST.DAT. The new file is moved to the
current default directory.
| #6 |
$ RENAME/LOG
$_From: DATA.*,INFO.*
$_To: NEW
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]DATA.AAA;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.AAA;1
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]DATA.BBB;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.BBB;1
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]DATA.CCC;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.CCC;1
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]INFO.001;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.001;1
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]INFO.002;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.002;1
%RENAME-I-RENAMED, _DISK0:[SYSTEM]INFO.003;1 renamed to _DISK0:[SYSTEM]NEW.003;1
$
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In this example, three files exist with the file name of DATA, and
three files have the file name of INFO. This RENAME command illustrates
the asterisk (*) wildcard character in the input file names and the use
of temporary default file types and version numbers on the output
files. The result is the renaming of all six files as displayed by the
/LOG qualifier.
| #7 |
$ RENAME NODE1::DISK2:[SMITH]ASSEMSHT.EXE NODE1::DISK3:[JONES]ASSEMBLYSHEET.EXE
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The RENAME command in this example renames the file ASSEMSHT.EXE in the
SMITH directory on remote node NODE1 and disk DISK3 to
ASSEMBLYSHEET.EXE in the JONES directory on the same remote node and
disk. You can rename a file on another node and disk only if the new
file resides on that same node and disk.
REPLY
Broadcasts a message to a terminal or terminals.
See the qualifier descriptions for restrictions.
Format
REPLY [message-text]
Parameter
message-text
Specifies the text of the message. The text must be 1 to 511
characters. Enclose the text in quotation marks (" ") if it
contains spaces, special characters, or lowercase characters.
Description
All users with OPER (operator) privilege can use the REPLY command to
communicate with system users. The REPLY command does the following:
- Displays messages at users' terminals.
- Responds to user requests.
- Responds to magnetic tape file system requests.
- Enables and disables operator status on a terminal (if the operator
communication process [OPCOM] is running).
- Closes the operator's log file and opens a new one (if OPCOM is
running).
You must always use one or more qualifiers with the REPLY command in
order for it to be meaningful. If you use the REPLY command without
using any qualifiers, an error message is returned. When you use the
REPLY command for any purpose other than displaying messages at users'
terminals, you must also use the /ENABLE=keyword qualifier. See the
description of the /ENABLE qualifier to determine the appropriate
keyword (or keywords) for your purpose.
Displaying Messages at Users' Terminals
To contact one or more system users, the operator enters one of the
following REPLY commands:
- REPLY/ALL message-text
- REPLY/TERMINAL=(terminal-name[,...]) message-text
- REPLY/USERNAME[=(username[,...])] message-text
The /ALL qualifier sends a message to all terminals that are on line
and are connected to the OpenVMS system or OpenVMS Cluster. Generally,
when an important message is to be broadcast, such as information about
a system shutdown, you should use the /ALL qualifier.
The /TERMINAL qualifier sends a message to one or more specific
terminals on the system or cluster.
The /USERNAME qualifier sends a message to terminals at which one or
more system or cluster users are logged in.
Note that the /TO qualifier is not used under these three
circumstances, because the operator is not replying to a specific
request from either the file system or a user.
To broadcast to a terminal other than your own, you must have OPER
privilege. The REPLY command is not complete until all terminals you
are broadcasting to have received the message.
Responding to User Requests
When a user enters the REQUEST/REPLY command, the process associated
with the requesting user's terminal is put
in a wait state until the operator responds by using one of the
following REPLY commands:
- REPLY/ABORT=identification-number message-text
- REPLY/PENDING=identification-number message-text
- REPLY/TO=identification-number message-text
The /ABORT qualifier indicates that the user's request has been
canceled.
The /PENDING qualifier sends a message to the user and keeps the user's
process in a wait state until the request can be fulfilled or aborted.
The /TO qualifier indicates that the user's request has been fulfilled.
When a user enters the REQUEST/REPLY command, the message is displayed
at the system console terminal. For example:
%OPCOM, 24-DEC-2001 09:49:24.47, request 3, from user SYSTEM
_TTB6:, This is a sample request
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The user cannot enter any further commands until the operator responds
using the /ABORT or the /TO qualifier, or until the user aborts the
request. If the operator does not respond and the user does not abort
the request, the request is repeated at 5-minute intervals on the
operator's terminal until the operator replies.
The REPLY command is an essential part of the procedures that operators
must use in order for users to gain access to tape and disk volumes.
Responding to File System Requests
When a multivolume tape volume reaches the end-of-tape (EOT) mark, the
magnetic tape file system suspends processing
and sends a message to the operator to mount the next tape. The
operator responds using one of the following REPLY commands:
- REPLY/TO=identification-number label
- REPLY/INITIALIZE_TAPE=identification-number label
- REPLY/BLANK_TAPE=identification-number label
- REPLY/ABORT=identification-number
The /TO qualifier indicates that the file system request has been
fulfilled. When the request from the magnetic tape file system
specifies a volume label, the operator mounts the specified tape and
enters the REPLY/TO command; however, if the file system requests a new
volume, the operator can reuse a scratch volume by mounting it and by
entering the REPLY/INITIALIZE_TAPE command. The operator also can mount
a blank volume and then enter the REPLY/BLANK_TAPE command. In any
case, the operator may add the message "label" to the REPLY
command to specify the volume's label. The quotation marks ("
") are required syntax.
If the request is "REMOUNT" or "MOUNT NEW", the
label is required in the message text. If the request is
"MOUNT", no label is needed.
The /ABORT qualifier indicates that the file system request has been
canceled.
Enabling and Disabling Operator Status on a Terminal
Any terminal connected to the operating system can be established as an
operator's terminal if OPCOM is running.
When an operator who is logged in to an account with OPER (operator)
privilege enters the REPLY/ENABLE command at the designated terminal,
that terminal can be used to respond to user requests and to monitor
device status. Such a terminal retains operator status until it is
specifically disabled, or until the end of the current interactive
session, if it was established as a temporary operator's terminal (see
the description of the /TEMPORARY qualifier).
Operator messages are printed on the system console terminal unless
that terminal is explicitly disabled as an operator's terminal.
When the operator enters the REPLY/ENABLE command, OPCOM confirms that
the terminal has been enabled. For example:
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