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OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
If this quota is not specified and the created process is a subprocess,
the subprocess receives half the CPU time limit quota of the creating
process.
If this quota is specified as zero, the created process has unlimited
CPU time providing that the creating process also has unlimited CPU
time. If, however, the creating process does not have unlimited CPU
time, the created process receives half the CPU time limit quota of the
creating process.
The CPU time limit quota is a consumable quota; that is, the amount of
CPU time used by the created process is not returned to the creating
process when the created process is deleted.
If you restrict CPU time for a process, specify the time limit
according to the rules for specifying delta time values, as given in
the OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic
Date_Time).
/TRUSTED
Specifies that the created process is part of the Trusted Computing
Base (TCB) and performs its own auditing. The /DETACH qualifier is
required as well as the IMPERSONATE privilege.
/UIC=uic
Specifies that the created process be a detached process and assigns it
a user identification code (UIC). Specify the UIC by using standard UIC
format as described in the OpenVMS Guide to System Security.
/WORKING_SET=default
Specifies the number of pages in the working set of the created process.
The default working set size is the size established at system
generation time. The minimum number of pages required for a process to
execute is 10 pages. The value specified cannot be greater than the
quota specified with /MAXIMUM_WORKING_SET.
The maximum working set quota is nondeductible.
Examples
| #1 |
$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=SUBA SCANLINE
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00010044.
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In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named SUBA to run
the image SCANLINE.EXE. The system gives the subprocess an
identification number of 00010044.
| #2 |
$ RUN/DELAY=3:30/OUTPUT=BALANCE.OUT BALANCE
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In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess to run the image
BALANCE.EXE 3 hours and 30 minutes from now; output is written to the
file BALANCE.OUT.
| #3 |
$ RUN/INTERVAL=1:40/PROCESS_NAME=STAT STATCHK
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 00050023
.
.
.
$ CANCEL STAT
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In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named STAT to
execute the image STATCHK.EXE. The process is scheduled to execute the
image at intervals of 1 hour and 40 minutes. The process hibernates;
however, because neither the /DELAY nor the /SCHEDULE qualifier is
specified, the first wakeup request occurs immediately.
The CANCEL command subsequently cancels the wakeup requests posted by
the /INTERVAL qualifier. If the process is currently executing the
image, it completes the execution and hibernates.
| #4 |
$ RUN/PROCESS_NAME=LYRA LYRA -
_$/OUTPUT=_TTB3: -
_$/ERROR=_TTB3:
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 000A002F
|
In this example, the RUN command creates a subprocess named LYRA to
execute the image LYRA.EXE. The /OUTPUT and /ERROR qualifiers assign
equivalences to the logical names SYS$OUTPUT and SYS$ERROR for the
subprocess. Any messages the subprocess writes to its default output
devices are displayed on the terminal TTB3.
| #5 |
$ RUN/UIC=[100,4]/PRIVILEGES=(SAME,NOPSWAPM) -
_$/NORESOURCE_WAIT OVERSEER
%RUN-S-PROC_ID, identification of created process is 0001002C
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In this example, the RUN command creates a detached process to execute
under the UIC [100,4]. The image OVERSEER.EXE is executed. The RUN
command gives the process all the privileges of the current process,
except the ability to alter its swap mode. The /NORESOURCE_WAIT
qualifier disables resource wait mode for the process.
RUNOFF
Invokes the DIGITAL Standard Runoff (DSR) text formatter to format one
or more ASCII files. Creates formatted files from source DSR (.RNO)
files, unformatted table of contents (.RNT) files, and unformatted
index (.RNX) files. Optionally creates intermediate (.BRN) files for
input to RUNOFF/CONTENTS and RUNOFF/INDEX commands.
For more information about the RUNOFF, RUNOFF/CONTENTS, and
RUNOFF/INDEX commands and for a description of the DSR formatter, refer
to the OpenVMS User's Manual and the OpenVMS DIGITAL Standard Runoff Reference Manual (available on the
Documentation CD-ROM) or online help.
Format
RUNOFF filespec[,...]
SEARCH
Searches one or more files for the specified strings and displays the
lines containing those strings.
Format
SEARCH filespec[,...] search-string[,...]
Parameters
filespec[,...]
Specifies one or more files to be searched. You must specify at least
one file name. If you specify more than one file name, separate the
file specifications with commas (,).
You can use the asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard
characters in the file specification.
search-string[,...]
Specifies the character string to be located in the specified files.
Enclose strings containing lowercase letters, blanks, or other
nonalphanumeric characters (including spaces) in quotation marks
(" ").
You can use the /MATCH and /EXACT qualifiers to alter the way that
SEARCH matches search strings.
Description
The SEARCH command searches through files for specific character
strings; all lines containing occurrences of the strings are displayed.
Use the SEARCH qualifiers to tailor the search operation to your
specific needs.
The SEARCH command opens the file with shared read (R) and write (W)
access. Therefore, any file that has its attributes set to shared write
is searched even if it is currently opened by other users.
Qualifiers
/BACKUP
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /BACKUP qualifier selects files according to the dates
of their most recent backups. This qualifier is incompatible with the
/CREATED, /EXPIRED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/BEFORE[=time]
Selects only those files dated prior to the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY
(default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /BEFORE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, see the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/BY_OWNER[=uic]
Selects only those files whose owner user identification code (UIC)
matches the specified owner UIC. The default UIC is that of the current
process.
Specify the UIC by using standard UIC format as described in the
OpenVMS User's Manual.
/CONFIRM
/NOCONFIRM (default)
Controls whether a request is issued before each search operation to
confirm that the operation should be performed on that file. The
following responses are valid:
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YES
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NO
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QUIT
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TRUE
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FALSE
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Ctrl/Z
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1
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0
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ALL
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|
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[Return]
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You can use any combination of uppercase and lowercase letters for word
responses. Word responses can be abbreviated to one or more letters
(for example, T, TR, or TRU for TRUE), but these abbreviations must be
unique. Affirmative answers are YES, TRUE, and 1. Negative answers
include: NO, FALSE, 0, and pressing Return. Entering QUIT or pressing
Ctrl/Z indicates that you want to stop processing the command at that
point. When you respond by entering ALL, the command continues to
process, but no further prompts are given. If you type a response other
than one of those in the list, DCL issues an error message and
redisplays the prompt.
/CREATED (default)
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /CREATED qualifier selects files based on their dates of
creation. This qualifier is incompatible with the /BACKUP, /EXPIRED,
and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow you to select files
according to time attributes. If you specify none of these four time
qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/EXACT
/NOEXACT (default)
Controls whether the SEARCH command matches the search string exactly
or treats uppercase and lowercase letters as equivalents. By default,
SEARCH ignores case differences in letters.
Specifying the /EXACT qualifier causes the system to use less CPU time;
therefore, if you are sure of the case of the letters in the string, it
is more efficient to use the /EXACT qualifier.
/EXCLUDE=(filespec[,...])
Excludes the specified files from the search operation. You can include
a directory but not a device in the file specification. The asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed in the
file specification; however, you cannot use relative version numbers to
exclude a specific version. If you specify only one file, you can omit
the parentheses.
/EXPIRED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /EXPIRED qualifier selects files according to their
expiration dates. (The expiration date is set with the SET
FILE/EXPIRATION_DATE command.) The /EXPIRED qualifier is incompatible
with the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /MODIFIED qualifiers, which also allow
you to select files according to time attributes. If you specify none
of these four time qualifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/FORMAT=option
Formats output in one of the following five ways:
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DUMP
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Displays all control characters (including <HT>, <CR>, and
<LF>) and nonprintable characters as ANSI mnemonics.
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NOFF
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Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics (for example,
Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The terminal formatting
characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT> are passed
without change. Form feed characters are replaced with <FF>.
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NONULLS
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Same as DUMP, but removes all null characters from the input file
before reformatting. (In dump mode, the null character is displayed as
<NUL>.) NONULLS is convenient when you are searching binary
format files, such as EXE or OBJ files, that generally contain many
zero bytes.
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PASSALL
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Moves control and nonprintable characters to the output device without
translating them. The terminal driver cannot send 8-bit characters to
the terminal unless SET TERMINAL/EIGHT_BIT is already in effect.
You can use /FORMAT=PASSALL whenever you do not want the SEARCH
command to substitute the ANSI mnemonic for control characters (for
example, <BEL> for Ctrl/G).
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TEXT
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Replaces control characters in text with ANSI mnemonics (for example,
Ctrl/C is replaced with <ETX>). The terminal formatting
characters <HT>, <CR>, <LF>, <VT>, and
<FF> are passed without change. TEXT is the default format.
|
/HEADING (default)
/NOHEADING
Includes file names in the output file and displays a line of 30
asterisks(*) as a window separator between groups of lines that belong
to different files. With the default heading format, file names are
printed only when more than one file is specified or when the asterisk
(*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are used.
The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 15 asterisks to separate each
window within a file.
/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
/NOHIGHLIGHT (default)
You can use one of the following keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and
UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default highlighting on ANSI video terminals
with advanced video; REVERSE is the default highlighting on ANSI video
terminals without advanced video.
For hardcopy printing, you can use the HARDCOPY=OVERSTRIKE and
HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE keywords. This specifies that the strings should be
highlighted in a manner suitable for most hardcopy printers. With
overstrike highlighting, matched strings are double-printed, so that
they appear darker. The matched strings are underlined with the
underscore character.
Hardcopy printing is accomplished by adding a carriage return and
spacing back over the line to overprint the string or underlines. Note
that this can as much as double the length of the line, and perhaps
lead to truncation if the device buffer size is too small.
Compaq recommends that you use the /HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with
the LN01 printer rather than using the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE
qualifier. The LN01 printer ignores OVERSTRIKE highlighting.
Compaq recommends that you use either the /HIGHLIGHT=BOLD or the
/HIGHLIGHT=UNDERLINE qualifier with the LN03 printer rather than using
the /HIGHLIGHT=HARDCOPY=UNDERLINE qualifier. The LN03 printer ignores
OVERSTRIKE highlighting.
/KEY=(POSITION=n,SIZE=m)
Searches the records of a file (beginning at the specified position)
for the length of the specified size.
You can specify the POSITION keyword value as 1 to 32,767. The first
byte in a record is considered position 1.
/LOG
/NOLOG (default)
Outputs a message to the current SYS$OUTPUT device for each file
searched. The message includes the file name, the number of records,
and the number of matches for each file searched.
/MATCH=option
Interprets and matches multiple search strings in one of the following
ways:
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AND
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A match occurs only if the record contains all the strings.
|
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EQV
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A match occurs if none or all of the search strings are in the record.
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NOR
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A match occurs only if the record contains none of the strings.
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NAND
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A match occurs only if the record does not contain all of the strings.
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OR
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A match occurs if the record contains any of the strings.
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XOR
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A match occurs if any of the search strings are in the record but not
if all or none of them are in the record.
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When only one search string is specified, the OR and AND options
produce identical results. Similarly, NOR and NAND produce identical
results for a single search string. If you specify none of these
options, the default is /MATCH=OR.
/MODIFIED
Modifies the time value specified with the /BEFORE or the /SINCE
qualifier. The /MODIFIED qualifier selects files according to the dates
on which they were last modified. This qualifier is incompatible with
the /BACKUP, /CREATED, and /EXPIRED qualifiers, which also allow you to
select files according to time attributes. If you specify none of these
four time modifiers, the default is the /CREATED qualifier.
/NUMBERS
/NONUMBERS (default)
Controls whether the source line number is displayed at the left margin
of each line in the output.
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls whether the results of the search are output to a specified
file. The output is sent to the current default output device
(SYS$OUTPUT) if you omit the /OUTPUT qualifier or omit the file
specification with the qualifier. The /NOOUTPUT qualifier means that no
matching records are output as a result of the SEARCH command.
/PAGE[=keyword]
/NOPAGE (default)
Controls the display of information on the screen.
You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:
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CLEAR_SCREEN
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Displays information one page at a time.
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SCROLL
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Displays information on a continuous stream.
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SAVE[=
n]
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Enables screen navigation of information, where
n is the number of pages to store.
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The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens of
information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens of up to
255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier, you
can use the following keys to navigate through the information:
| Key Sequence |
Description |
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Up arrow key, Ctrl/B
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Scroll up one line.
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Down arrow key
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Scroll down one line.
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Left arrow key
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Scroll left one column.
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Right arrow key
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Scroll right one column.
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Insert Here (E2)
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Scroll right one half screen.
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Remove (E3)
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Scroll left one half screen.
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Select (E4)
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Toggle 80/132 column mode.
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Prev Screen (E5)
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Get the previous page of information.
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Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space
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Get the next page of information.
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F10, Ctrl/Z
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Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)
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Help (F15)
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Display utility help text.
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Do (F16)
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Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.
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Ctrl/W
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Refresh the display.
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The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
/REMAINING
/NOREMAINING (default)
Includes in the output all records from the first matched record to the
end of the file. This qualifier overrides the value n2 in the
/WINDOW qualifier, but allows the qualifier /WINDOW=n1.
/SINCE[=time]
Selects only those files dated on or after the specified time. You can
specify time as absolute time, as a combination of absolute and delta
times, or as one of the following keywords: BOOT, LOGIN, TODAY
(default), TOMORROW, or YESTERDAY. Specify one of the following
qualifiers with the /SINCE qualifier to indicate the time attribute to
be used as the basis for selection: /BACKUP, /CREATED (default),
/EXPIRED, or /MODIFIED.
For complete information on specifying time values, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or the online help topic DCL_Tips (subtopic Date_Time).
/STATISTICS
/NOSTATISTICS (default)
Controls whether the following statistics about the search are
displayed:
- Number of files searched
- Number of records searched
- Number of characters searched
- Number of records matched
- Number of lines printed
- Buffered I/O count
- Direct I/O count
- Number of page faults
- Elapsed CPU time
- Elapsed time
/STYLE=keyword
Specifies the file name format for display purposes.
The valid keywords for this qualifier are CONDENSED and EXPANDED.
Descriptions are as follows:
| Keyword |
Explanation |
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CONDENSED (default)
|
Displays the file name representation of what is generated to fit into
a 255-length character string. This file name may contain a DID or FID
abbreviation in the file specification.
|
|
EXPANDED
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Displays the file name representation of what is stored on disk. This
file name does not contain any DID or FID abbreviations.
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The keywords CONDENSED and EXPANDED are mutually exclusive. This
qualifier specifies which file name format is displayed in the output
message, along with the confirmation if requested.
File errors are displayed with the CONDENSED file specification unless
the EXPANDED keyword is specified.
Refer to the OpenVMS Guide to Extended File Specifications for more information.
/WARNINGS (default)
/NOWARNINGS
Allows or disallows the following messages to be displayed when search
operations are performed:
NOMATCHES
TRUNCATE
NULLFILE
/WINDOW[=(n1,n2)]
/NOWINDOW (default)
Specifies the number of lines to be displayed with the search string.
If you specify n1 and n2, the /WINDOW qualifier
displays n1 lines above the search string, the search string,
and n2 lines below the search string. Either of these numbers
can be zero.
If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier without the values n1 and
n2, two lines above the search string, the search string, and
the two lines below the search string are included in the output.
If you specify the /WINDOW qualifier with a single number
(n1), n1 specifies the number of lines to display
including the search string. Half the lines precede the matched search
string and half follow it. (If n1 is even, one line is added
to the lines following the matched search string.)
For example, if you specify /WINDOW=10, nine additional lines are
listed along with the line containing the search string. Four lines are
listed above the line containing the search string and five lines are
listed below it, for a total of 10 lines.
If you specify /WINDOW=0, the file name of each file containing a match
(but no records) is included in the output. This specification creates
a file (using the /OUTPUT qualifier) that can be inserted into a
command file to manipulate the files containing matches.
If you omit the /WINDOW qualifier, only the line containing a match is
displayed.
The /WINDOW qualifier displays a line of 30 asterisks to separate each
window within a file.
/WRAP
/NOWRAP (default)
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns to the
width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond the width of
the screen to the next line.
The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the screen and
can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and right) features
provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
Examples
| #1 |
$ SEARCH CABLE.MEM,JOYNER.MEM "MANUAL TITLE"
|
This command searches the files CABLE.MEM and JOYNER.MEM for
occurrences of the character string MANUAL TITLE. Each line containing
the string is displayed at the terminal. It is necessary to enclose the
string in quotation marks because it contains a space character.
| #2 |
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=RESULTS.DAT/WINDOW=9 DISLIST.MEM NAME
|
The SEARCH command searches the file DISLIST.MEM for occurrences of the
character string NAME and sends the output to the file RESULTS.DAT. The
four lines preceding and following each occurrence of NAME are included
in the output.
| #3 |
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=ALLSUB.COM/WINDOW=5000 *.COM SUBMIT
|
The SEARCH command searches all command files in the current directory
for the string SUBMIT. If a match is found, SEARCH effectively copies
the entire command file to the output file, because the window is so
large.
| #4 |
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=COLUMBUS.OH/WINDOW=(3,0)/NOHEAD/MATCH=AND -
_$ *.DAT COLUMBUS,OH
|
The SEARCH command searches all files of type DAT for lines containing
both COLUMBUS and OH. When a match is found, the three previous lines
(containing blank line, name, and street address) are copied to the new
file. The new file COLUMBUS.OH is ready to use, because it does not
contain headings and window separators.
| #5 |
$ SEARCH/OUTPUT=SWAP.LIS/FORMAT=PASSALL/NUMBERS/EXACT -
_$ /WINDOW=10000 SWAP.PAS SWAP
|
This SEARCH command produces a listing file with the line numbers at
the left margin. The /FORMAT=PASSALL qualifier is specified so that
form-feed characters in the source are passed through. The /EXACT
qualifier is specified for efficiency (because it is known that the
name SWAP in the program statement is always in uppercase). The /WINDOW
qualifier is entered so that the entire file is copied to the output
file SWAP.LIS.
| #6 |
$ SEARCH/REMAINING CABLE.LOG FORTRAN
|
The SEARCH command displays all the lines in the CABLE.LOG file that
follow the first occurrence of the string FORTRAN.
| #7 |
$ SEARCH OMAHA::DISK1:[EXP]SUB.DAT,DATA.LIS VAX
|
The SEARCH command searches through the files SUB.DAT and DATA.LIS at
remote node OMAHA for all occurrences of the string VAX. The list of
all records containing the string VAX is displayed at the local
terminal.
|
