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Compaq C Run-Time Library Utilities Reference
Manual
2.6 LC_NUMERIC Category
The LC_NUMERIC category defines rules and symbols for formatting
nonmonetary numeric information. This category begins with the
LC_NUMERIC and ends with the END LC_NUMERIC trailer.
All operands for the LC_NUMERIC category keywords are defined as string
or integer values. String values are bounded by double quotation marks
("). All values are separated from the keyword they define by one or
more blank characters (spaces or tabs). Two adjacent double quotation
characters ("") indicate an undefined string value. A negative one (-1)
indicates an undefined integer value.
Table 2-6 lists the statement keywords recognized in the LC_NUMERIC
category.
Table 2-6 LC_NUMERIC Category Keywords
| Keyword |
Description |
|
copy
|
Specifies the name of an existing locale to be used as the definition
of this category.
If you specify a
copy
statement, you cannot specify any other keyword.
|
|
decimal_point
|
Specifies the decimal delimiter string used to format nonmonetary
numeric quantities.
This keyword cannot be omitted and cannot be set to the undefined
string value.
|
|
thousands_sep
|
Specifies the string separator used for grouping digits to the left of
the decimal delimiter in formatted nonmonetary numeric quantities.
|
|
grouping
|
Defines the size of each group of digits in formatted monetary
quantities.
The operand for the grouping keyword consists of a sequence of
integers separated by semicolons. Each integer specifies the number of
digits in a group. The first integer defines the size of the group
immediately to the left of the decimal delimiter. Subsequent integers
define succeeding groups to the left of the previous group. Grouping is
performed for each integer specified for the
grouping
keyword. If the last integer is not -1, it is used repeatedly to group
any remaining digits. If the last integer is -1, no more grouping is
performed.
A sample interpretation of the
grouping
statement follows. Assuming a value of 123456789 to be formatted and a
thousands_sep
operand of ' (single quotation mark), the following results occur:
| mon_grouping |
Formatted Value |
|
3;-1
|
123456'789
|
|
3
|
123'456'789
|
|
3;2;-1
|
1234'56'789
|
|
3;2
|
12'34'56'789
|
|
The following is a sample LC_NUMERIC category specified in a locale
definition source file:
LC_NUMERIC
#
decimal_point "<period>"
thousands_sep "<comma>"
grouping <3>
#
END LC_NUMERIC
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2.7 LC_TIME Category
The LC_TIME category defines rules and symbols for formatting time and
date information. This category begins with the LC_TIME category header
and ends with the END LC_TIME trailer.
All operands for the LC_TIME category keywords are defined as string or
integer values. String values are bounded by double quotation marks
("). All values are separated from the keyword they define by one or
more blank characters (spaces or tabs). Two adjacent double quotation
characters ("") indicate an undefined string value. Field descriptors,
described later in this section, are used by commands and subroutines
that query the LC_TIME category to represent elements of time and date
formats.
2.7.1 Keywords
Table 2-7 lists the statement keywords recognized in the LC_TIME
category.
Table 2-7 LC_TIME Category Keywords
| Keyword |
Description |
|
copy
|
Specifies the name of an existing locale to be used as the definition
of this category.
If you specify a
copy
statement, you cannot specify any other keyword.
|
|
abday
|
Defines the abbreviated weekday names corresponding to the %a field
descriptor.
Recognized values consist of seven strings separated by semicolons.
The first string corresponds to the abbreviated name for the first day
of the week (Sun), the second to the abbreviated name for the second
day of the week, and so on.
|
|
day
|
Defines the full spelling of the weekday names corresponding to the %A
field descriptor.
Recognized values consist of seven strings separated by semicolons.
The first string corresponds to the full spelling of the name of the
first day of the week (Sunday), the second to the name of the second
day of the week, and so on.
|
|
abmon
|
Defines the abbreviated month names corresponding to the %b field
descriptor.
Recognized values consist of 12 strings separated by semicolons. The
first string corresponds to the abbreviated name for the first month of
the year (Jan), the second to the abbreviated name for the second month
of the year, and so on.
|
|
mon
|
Defines the full spelling of the month names corresponding to the %B
field descriptor.
Recognized values consist of 12 strings separated by semicolons. The
first string corresponds to the full spelling of the name for the first
month of the year (January), the second to the full spelling of the
name for the second month of the year, and so on.
|
|
d_t_fmt
|
Defines the string used for the standard date-and-time format
corresponding to the %c field descriptor. The string can contain any
combination of characters and field descriptors.
|
|
d_fmt
|
Defines the string used for the standard date format corresponding to
the %x field descriptor. The string can contain any combination of
characters and field descriptors.
|
|
t_fmt
|
Defines the string used for the standard time format corresponding to
the %X field descriptor. The string can contain any combination of
characters and field descriptors.
|
|
am_pm
|
Defines the strings used to represent a.m. (before noon) and p.m.
(afternoon) corresponding to the %p field descriptor.
Recognized values consist of two strings separated by semicolons.
The first string corresponds to the a.m. designation, the second string
corresponds to the p.m. designation.
|
|
t_fmt_ampm
|
Defines the string used for the standard 12-hour time format that
includes an
am_pm
value (%p field descriptor).
This statement corresponds to the %r field descriptor. The string
can contain any combination of characters and field descriptors. If the
string is empty, the 12-hour format is not supported by the locale.
|
|
era
|
Defines how the years are counted and displayed for each era in a
locale, corresponding to the %E field descriptor modifier.
For each era, there must be one string in the following format:
direction:
offset:
start_date:
end_date:
name:
format
The variables for the era string format are defined as follows:
-
direction --- Specifies a minus (-) or a plus (+) character.
The minus character (-) indicates that years count in the negative
direction when moving from the start date to the end date. The plus
character (+) indicates that years count in the positive direction when
moving from the start date to the end date.
-
offset --- Specifies a number representing the first year of
the era corresponding to the %Ey field descriptor.
-
start_date --- Specifies the starting date of the era in
yyyy/mm/dd format, where yyyy, mm, and dd are the year, month, and day,
respectively, on the Gregorian calendar.
Years prior to the year A.D. 1 are represented as negative numbers.
For example, an era beginning March 5 in the year 100 B.C. would be
represented as -100/03/05.
-
end_date --- Specifies the ending date of the era in the same
form used for the
start_date
variable or one of the two special values -* or +*.
A -* value indicates that the ending date of the era extends
backward to the beginning of time. A +* value indicates that the ending
date of the era extends forward to the end of time. Therefore, the
ending date can be chronologically before or after the starting date of
the era. For example, the strings for the Christian eras A.D. and B.C.
would be entered, respectively, in the following way:
+:0:0000/01/01:+*:AD:%Ey %EC
+:1:-0001/12/31:-*:BC:%Ey %EC
-
name --- Specifies a string representing the name of the era
that is substituted for the %EC field descriptor.
-
format --- Specifies a
strftime
,
strptime
, and
wcsftime
format string to use when formatting the %EY field descriptor.
This string can contain any
strftime
,
strptime
, and
wcsftime
format control characters (except %EY) and locale-dependent multibyte
characters.
An era value consists of one string (enclosed in quotation marks)
for each era. If more than one era is specified, each era string is
separated by a semicolon (;).
|
|
era_d_fmt
|
Defines the string used to represent the date in alternate-era format
corresponding to the %Ex field descriptor. The string can contain any
combination of characters and field descriptors.
|
|
era_t_fmt
|
Defines the locale's alternative time format as represented by the %EX
field descriptor for
strftime
,
strptime
, and
wcsftime
.
|
|
era_d_t_fmt
|
Defines the locale's alternative date-and-time format as represented by
the %Ec field descriptor for
strftime
,
strptime
, and
wcsftime
.
|
|
alt_digits
|
Defines alternate strings for digits corresponding to the %O field
descriptor.
Recognized values consist of a group of strings separated by
semicolons. The first string represents the alternate string for 0
(zero), the second string represents the alternate string for 1, and so
on. You can specify a maximum of 100 alternate strings.
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2.7.2 Field Descriptors
The LC_TIME locale definition source file uses field descriptors to
represent elements of time and date formats. You can combine these
field descriptors to create other field descriptors or to create time
and date format strings. When used in format strings that contain field
descriptors and other characters, field descriptors are replaced by
their current values. All other characters are copied without change.
Table 2-8 lists the field descriptors used by commands and
subroutines that query the LC_TIME category for time formatting.
Table 2-8 LC_TIME Locale Field Descriptors
| Field Descriptor |
Meaning |
|
%a
|
Represents the abbreviated weekday name (for example, Sun) defined by
the
abday
statement.
|
|
%A
|
Represents the full weekday name (for example, Sunday) defined by the
day
statement.
|
|
%b
|
Represents the abbreviated month name (for example, Jan) defined by the
abmon
statement.
|
|
%B
|
Represents the full month name (for example, January) defined by the
mon
statement.
|
|
%c
|
Represents the date-and-time format defined by the
d_t_fmt
statement.
|
|
%C
|
Represents the century as a decimal number (00 to 99).
|
|
%d
|
Represents the day of the month as a decimal number (01 to 31).
|
|
%D
|
Represents the date in %m/%d/%y format (for example, 01/31/91).
|
|
%e
|
Represents the day of the month as a decimal number (1 to 31).
If the day of the month is not a 2-digit number, the leading digit
is filled with a space character.
|
|
%Ec
|
Specifies the alternate date-and-time representation for the locale.
|
|
%EC
|
Specifies the name of the base year (period) in the locale's alternate
representation.
|
|
%Ex
|
Specifies the alternate date representation for the locale.
|
|
%Ey
|
Specifies the offset from %EC (year only) in the locale's alternate
representation.
|
|
%EY
|
Specifies the full alternate year representation.
|
|
%h
|
Represents the abbreviated month name (for example, Jan) defined by the
abmon
statement. This field descriptor is a synonym for the %b field
descriptor.
|
|
%H
|
Represents the 24-hour clock hour as a decimal number (00 to 23).
|
|
%I
|
Represents the 12-hour clock hour as a decimal number (01 to 12).
|
|
%j
|
Represents the day of the year as a decimal number (001 to 366).
|
|
%m
|
Represents the month of the year as a decimal number (01 to 12).
|
|
%M
|
Represents the minutes of the hour as a decimal number (00 to 59).
|
|
%n
|
Specifies a new-line character.
|
|
%Od
|
Specifies the day of the month by using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
|
|
%Oe
|
Specifies the day of the month by using the locale's alternate numeric
symbols.
|
|
%OH
|
Specifies the hour (24-hour clock) by using the locale's alternate
numeric symbols.
|
|
%OI
|
Specifies the hour (12-hour clock) by using the locale's alternate
numeric symbols.
|
|
%Om
|
Specifies the month by using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
|
|
%OM
|
Specifies the minutes by using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
|
|
%OS
|
Specifies the seconds by using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
|
|
%OU
|
Specifies the week number of the year (with Sunday as the first day of
the week) by using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
|
|
%Ow
|
Specifies the weekday as a number in the locale's alternate
representation (Sunday = 0).
|
|
%OW
|
Specifies the week number of the year (with Monday as the first day of
the week) by using the locale's alternate numeric symbols.
|
|
%Oy
|
Specifies the year (offset from %C) using the locale's alternate
numeric symbols.
|
|
%p
|
Represents the a.m. or p.m. string defined by the
am_pm
statement.
|
|
%r
|
Represents the 12-hour clock time with a.m./p.m. notation as defined by
the
t_fmt_ampm
statement.
|
|
%S
|
Represents the seconds of the minute as a decimal number (00 to 59).
|
|
%t
|
Specifies a tab character.
|
|
%T
|
Represents 24-hour clock time in the format %H:%M:%S (for example,
16:55:15).
|
|
%U
|
Represents the week of the year as a decimal number (00 to 53).
Sunday, or its equivalent as defined by the
day
statement, is considered the first day of the week for calculating the
value of this field descriptor.
|
|
%w
|
Represents the day of the week as a decimal number (0 to 6).
Sunday, or its equivalent as defined by the
day
statement, is considered to be 0 (zero) for calculating the value of
this field descriptor.
|
|
%W
|
Represents the week of the year as a decimal number (00 to 53).
Monday, or its equivalent as defined by the
day
statement, is considered the first day of the week for calculating the
value of this field descriptor.
|
|
%x
|
Represents the date format defined by the
d_fmt
statement.
|
|
%X
|
Represents the time format defined by the
t_fmt
statement.
|
|
%y
|
Represents the year of the century (00 to 99).
|
|
%Y
|
Represents the year as a decimal number (for example, 1989).
|
|
%%
|
Specifies a % (percent sign) character.
|
2.7.3 Sample Locale Definition
The following is a sample LC_TIME category specified in a locale
definition source file:
LC_TIME
#
#Abbreviated weekday names (%a)
abday "<S><u><n>";"<M><o><n>";"<T><u><e>";"<W><e><d>";\
"<T><h><u>";"<F><r><i>";"<S><a><t>"
#Full weekday names (%A)
day "<S><u><n><d><a><y>";"<M><o><n><d><a><y>";\
"<T><u><e><s><d><a><y>";"<W><e><d><n><e><s><d><a><y>";\
<T><h><u><r><s><d><a><y>";"<F><r><i><d><a><y>";\
<S><a><t><u><r><d><a><y>"
#Abbreviated month names (%b)
abmon "<J><a><n>";"<F><e><b>";"<M><a><r>";"<A><P><r>";\
"<M><a><y>";"<J><u><n>";"<J><u><l>";"<A><u><g>";\
<S><e><P>";"<O><c><t>";"<N><o><v>";"<D><e><c>"
#Full month names (%B)
mon "<J><a><n><u><a><r><y>";"<F><e><b><r><u><a><r><y>";\
"<M><a><r><c><h>";"<A><P><r><i><l>";"<M><a><y>";\
<J><u><n><e>";"<J><u><l><y>";"<A><u><g><u><s><t>";\
"<S><e><P><t><e><m><b><e><r>";"<O><c><t><o><b><e><r>";\
<N><o><v><e><m><b><e><r>";"<D><e><c><e><m><b><e><r>"
#Date-and-time format (%c)
#Note that for improved readability, this section uses actual
#characters, rather than symbolic names, and is inconsistent with
#the other sections in this example. This is bad form.
#In practice, symbolic names should be used.
d_t_fmt "%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y"
#
#Date format (%x)
d_fmt "%m/%d/%y"
#
#Time format (%X)
t_fmt "%H:%M:%S"
#
#Equivalent of AM/PM (%p)
am_pm "<A><M>";"<P><M>"
#
#12-hour time format (%r)
#Note that for improved readability, this section uses actual
#characters, rather than symbolic names, and is inconsistent with
#the other sections in this example. This is bad form.
#In practice, symbolic names should be used.
t_fmt_ampm "%I:%M:%S %p"
#
era "+:0:0000/01/01:+*:AD:%Ey %EC";\
"+:1:-0001/12/31:-*:BC:%Ey %EC"
era_d_fmt ""
alt_digits "<0><t><h>";"<1><s><t>";"<2><n><d>";"<3><r><d>";\
"<4><t><h>";"<5><t><h>";"<6><t><h>";"<7><t><h>";\
"<8><t><h>";"<9><t><h>";"<1><0><t><h>"
#
END LC_TIME
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