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OpenVMS DCL Dictionary
In this example, the SHOW TERMINAL command displays the full terminal
characteristics.
SHOW TIME
Displays the current date and time.
Format
SHOW [DAY]TIME
Parameters
None.
Example
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$ SHOW TIME
3-NOV-2001 00:02:00
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The SHOW TIME command in this example displays the current date and
time.
SHOW TRANSLATION
Displays the first translation found for the specified logical name.
You can specify the tables that are searched.
Requires read (R) access to a logical name table to display
information about any logical name cataloged in that table.
Format
SHOW TRANSLATION logical-name
Parameter
logical-name
Specifies the logical name whose translation you want to display.
Description
The SHOW TRANSLATION command searches one or more logical name tables
for a specified logical name and returns the equivalence name of the
first match found. You can specify the tables you want to search. If
you do not specify a table, SHOW TRANSLATION searches the tables
defined by the logical name LNM$DCL_LOGICAL.
The logical name LNM$DCL_LOGICAL contains the list of logical name
tables and the order in which they are searched. Unless LNM$DCL_LOGICAL
has been redefined for your process, the process, job, group, and
system logical name tables are searched, in that order. The first match
found is displayed. (To see how LNM$DCL_LOGICAL is defined for your
process, enter the command SHOW LOGICAL /TABLE=LNM$DIRECTORIES
LNM$DCL_LOGICAL.)
If a table contains more than one entry with the same name, but each
name has a different mode, then the translation for the name with the
outermost (least privileged) mode is returned.
The SHOW TRANSLATION command is similar to the SHOW LOGICAL command;
however, the SHOW TRANSLATION command is executed within the DCL
command interpreter (the SHOW LOGICAL command calls an image).
Therefore, the SHOW TRANSLATION command does not cause the current
image to exit and does not deassign user mode logical names. Also, the
SHOW TRANSLATION command does not display iterative translations of a
name.
Qualifier
/TABLE=name
Searches the specified table. The default value for the name
parameter is LNM$DCL_LOGICAL.
If you specify the table name by using a logical name that translates
to more than one table, then each table is searched in the order
specified until a match is found.
Examples
| #1 |
$ SHOW TRANSLATION PAYROLL
PAYROLL = DISK1:[ACCOUNTS.WORKING]FACTOR1.DAT;37 (LNM$PROCESS_TABLE)
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The SHOW TRANSLATION command in this example displays the translation
for the logical name PAYROLL and also displays the name of the table
where the logical name was found. In this example, PAYROLL was found in
LNM$PROCESS_TABLE, the process logical name table.
| #2 |
$ DEFINE DISK DKA1:
$ DEFINE/GROUP DISK DKA2:
$ SHOW TRANSLATION DISK
DISK = DKA1:(LNM$PROCESS_TABLE)
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The DEFINE commands in this example place entries for the logical name
DISK in both the process and group logical name tables. Then, the SHOW
TRANSLATION command shows the translation associated with the logical
name DISK. By default, the process, job, group, and system tables are
searched (in that order). The first match found is displayed. The
logical name DISK from the process table (LNM$PROCESS_TABLE) is
displayed because it is found before the name DISK in the group table.
| #3 |
$ RUN ORION
[Ctrl/Y]
$ SHOW TRANSLATION TERMINAL
TERMINAL = _TTT3: (LNM$PROCESS_TABLE)
$ CONTINUE
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The RUN command in this example executes the image ORION.EXE. After the
Ctrl/Y function interrupts the image, the SHOW TRANSLATION command
displays a logical name assignment. The CONTINUE command resumes the
execution of the image.
| #4 |
$ SHOW TRANSLATION/TABLE=LNM$SYSTEM USER
USER = "DKA2:" (LNM$SYSTEM_TABLE)
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The SHOW TRANSLATION command in this example displays the translation
for the logical name USER. Because a table name is specified, the SHOW
TRANSLATION command does not use the default search order. Only the
specified table, LNM$SYSTEM, is searched. LNM$SYSTEM is the system
logical name table.
| #5 |
$ DEFINE/TABLE=LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY MYPROC -
_$ TEST_TABLE, LNM$PROCESS
$ SHOW TRANSLATION/TABLE=MYPROC FILER
FILER = "[SMITH.FILER]" (TEST_TABLE)
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In this example, MYPROC defines a list of logical name tables that you
want searched. It asks the system to first search TEST_TABLE (a
user-defined table) and then to search LNM$PROCESS (the process logical
name table). MYPROC is stored in LNM$PROCESS_DIRECTORY, the process
directory table. When you enter the SHOW TRANSLATION command to find
FILER in the MYPROC table, the tables TEST_TABLE and LNM$PROCESS are
searched, in that order. The first match found is displayed.
SHOW USERS
Displays the user name and node name (in an OpenVMS Cluster
environment) of interactive, subprocess, and batch users on the system.
Format
SHOW USERS [username]
Parameter
username
Specifies the user about whom you want information. The asterisk (*)
and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are allowed. If you
specify a string, all users whose user names begin with the string are
displayed. For example, if you specify the string MAR, all user names
that begin with MAR are displayed. If no user exists whose name matches
the specified string, an informational message tells you that no
processes were found.
If you omit the username parameter, a list of all interactive,
subprocess, and batch users is displayed.
Qualifiers
/BATCH
/NOBATCH
Displays all batch users in the OpenVMS Cluster environment. To
restrict the display to users on specific nodes, use the /BATCH
qualifier with the /NODE qualifier. When you use the /NOBATCH
qualifier, all batch users are excluded from the display.
/CLUSTER
Displays the specified user names on all nodes in an OpenVMS Cluster
environment.
/EXACT
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify a search
string that must match the search string exactly and must be enclosed
with quotation marks (" ").
If you specify the /EXACT qualifier without the /SEARCH qualifier,
exact search mode is enabled when you set the search string with the
Find (E1) key.
/FULL
Displays the user name, the node name, the process name, the process
identification (PID) code, terminal names (both virtual and physical),
and port information of all interactive, subprocess, and batch users on
the system.
/HEADING (default)
/NOHEADING
Displays a heading line above the system output. When you use the
/NOHEADING qualifier, the heading line is excluded from the display.
/HIGHLIGHT[=keyword]
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE and /SEARCH qualifiers to specify the type of
highlighting you want when a search string is found. When a string is
found, the entire line is highlighted. You can use the following
keywords: BOLD, BLINK, REVERSE, and UNDERLINE. BOLD is the default
highlighting.
/INTERACTIVE
/NOINTERACTIVE
Displays all interactive processes held by users in the OpenVMS Cluster
environment. To restrict the display to users on specific nodes, use
the /INTERACTIVE qualifier with the /NODE qualifier. When you use the
/NOINTERACTIVE qualifier, all interactive processes held by users in
the OpenVMS Cluster environment are excluded from the display.
/NETWORK
/NONETWORK
Displays all network users in the OpenVMS Cluster environment. To
restrict the display to users on specific nodes, use the /NETWORK
qualifier with the /NODE qualifier. When you use the /NONETWORK
qualifier, all network users in the OpenVMS Cluster environment are
excluded from the display.
/NODE[=(name,...)]
Displays all interactive, subprocess, and batch users on the specified
node or nodes. If you enter the /NODE qualifier without a value, the
qualifier displays all the interactive, subprocess, and batch users on
the local node.
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls where the output of the command is sent. By default, the
output of the SHOW USERS command is sent to the current SYS$OUTPUT
device (usually your terminal). To send the output to a file, use the
/OUTPUT qualifier followed by a file specification.
The asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not
allowed in the file specification. If you enter a partial file
specification (for example, specifying only a directory), SHOW is the
default file name and .LIS is the default file type.
If you enter the /NOOUTPUT qualifier, output is suppressed.
/PAGE[=keyword]
/NOPAGE (default)
Controls the display of user information on the screen.
You can use the following keywords with the /PAGE qualifier:
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CLEAR_SCREEN
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Clears the screen before each page is displayed.
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SCROLL
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Displays information one line at a time.
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SAVE[=
n]
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Enables screen navigation of information, where
n is the number of pages to store.
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The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier allows you to navigate through screens of
information. The /PAGE=SAVE qualifier stores up to 5 screens of up to
255 columns of information. When you use the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier, you
can use the following keys to navigate through the information:
| Key Sequence |
Description |
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Up arrow key, Ctrl/B
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Scroll up one line.
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Down arrow key
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Scroll down one line.
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Left arrow key
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Scroll left one column.
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Right arrow key
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Scroll right one column.
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Find (E1)
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Specify a string to find when the information is displayed.
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Insert Here (E2)
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Scroll right one half screen.
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Remove (E3)
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Scroll left one half screen.
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Select (E4)
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Toggle 80/132 column mode.
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Prev Screen (E5)
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Get the previous page of information.
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Next Screen (E6), Return, Enter, Space
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Get the next page of information.
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F10, Ctrl/Z
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Exit. (Some utilities define these differently.)
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Help (F15)
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Display utility help text.
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Do (F16)
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Toggle the display to oldest/newest page.
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Ctrl/W
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Refresh the display.
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The /PAGE qualifier is not compatible with the /OUTPUT qualifier.
/SEARCH="string"
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to specify a string that you want to
find in the information being displayed. Quotation marks are required
for the /SEARCH qualifier, if you include spaces in the text string.
You can also dynamically change the search string by pressing the Find
key (E1) while the information is being displayed. Quotation marks are
not required for a dynamic search.
/SUBPROCESS
/NOSUBPROCESS
Displays all subprocess users in the OpenVMS Cluster environment. To
restrict the display to users on specific nodes, use the /SUBPROCESS
qualifier with the /NODE qualifier. When you use the /NOSUBPROCESS
qualifier, all subprocess users in the OpenVMS Cluster environment are
excluded from the output.
/WRAP
/NOWRAP (default)
Use with the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier to limit the number of columns to the
width of the screen and to wrap lines that extend beyond the width of
the screen to the next line.
The /NOWRAP qualifier extends lines beyond the width of the screen and
can be seen when you use the scrolling (left and right) features
provided by the /PAGE=SAVE qualifier.
Examples
| #1 |
$ SHOW USERS
OpenVMS User Processes at 12-MAY-2001 10:37 AM
Total number of users = 4, number of processes = 14
Username Node Interactive Subprocess Batch
S_SKONETSKI BBBBBB 1
WISNIEWSKI XXXXXX 4 2
HIBBITS AAAAAA 1 4
VAXMAN AAAAAA 2
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The SHOW USERS command in this example displays the user names and node
names of all current interactive, subprocess, and batch users on the
system.
| #2 |
$ SHOW USERS/NOHEADING/OUTPUT=SYSUSERS.DAT
$ TYPE SYSUSERS.DAT
S_SKONETSKI BBBBBB 1
WISNIEWSKI XXXXXX 4 2
HIBBITS AAAAAA 1 4
VAXMAN AAAAAA 2
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The SHOW USERS command in this example displays the user names and node
names of all current interactive, subprocess, and batch users on the
system without the heading text using the /NOHEADING qualifier. Using
the /OUTPUT qualifier, you can write the output to a file for
processing or later review.
| #3 |
$ SHOW USERS *LES*
OpenVMS User Processes at 12-MAY-2001 10:41 AM
Total number of users = 3, number of processes = 10
Username Node Interactive Subprocess Batch
THALES MILETS - - 1
PRAXITELES LESBOS 5 2
PERICLES ISLAND 1
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The SHOW USERS command in this example displays the user name and node
names of all users whose user names contain the string LES.
| #4 |
$ SHOW USERS/FULL/NODE=AAAAAA
OpenVMS User Processes at 9-JUN-2001 02:23 PM
Total number of users = 3, number of processes = 3
Username Node Process Name PID Terminal
DJONES AAAAAA Aaaaaa_fta2: 2180012D FTA2:
DYSLI AAAAAA DYSLI 2180011A FTA1:
SINDBY AAAAAA SINDBY 2180011E RTA1: (JJJJJ::SINDBY)
<LOGIN> B4B4 _WSA1 3100009F
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The SHOW USERS command in this example displays the user name, the
local node, the process name, the process identification (PID) number,
the terminal names (both virtual and physical), and port information
for all interactive, subprocess, and batch users on system AAAAAA. A
user name of <LOGIN> indicates that someone is in the process of
logging in.
| #5 |
$ SHOW USERS /NODE=(AAAAAA,BBBBBB,MMMMMM)
OpenVMS User Processes at 9-JUN-2001 02:23 PM
Total number of users = 5, number of processes = 7
Username Node Process Name PID Terminal
BRICKLEY BBBBBB BRICKLEY 21E0009E RTA1: (CBREEZ::BRICKLEY)
DCLDCT MMMMMM Mmmmmm_rta1: 2020015D RTA1: (MMMMMM::DJOHNSON)
PELEG AAAAAA Aaaaaa_fta2: 2180012D FTA2:
PETERSON MMMMMM Mmmmmm_fta1: 2020013E FTA1:
PRESTON MMMMMM Mmmmmm_rta3: 20200184 RTA3: (DDRSND::PRESTON)
PRUSS AAAAAA PRUSS 2180011E RTA1: (IVOK::PRUSS)
RABAHY AAAAAA RABAHY 2180011A FTA1:
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The SHOW USERS command in this example displays the user name and node
name for all interactive, batch, and subprocess users on the nodes
AAAAAA, BBBBBB, and MMMMMM.
SHOW WORKING_SET
On Alpha, displays the working set limit, quota, and extent (in
pagelets and CPU-specific pages) assigned to the current process.
On VAX, displays the working set limit, quota, and extent (in pages)
assigned to the current process.
Format
SHOW WORKING_SET
Parameters
None.
Qualifier
/OUTPUT[=filespec]
/NOOUTPUT
Controls where the output of the command is sent. If you do not enter
the qualifier, or if you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier without a file
specification, the output is sent to the current process default output
stream or device, identified by the logical name SYS$OUTPUT.
If you enter the /OUTPUT qualifier with a partial file specification
(for example, specifying only a directory), SHOW is the default file
name and .LIS the default file type. The asterisk (*) and the percent
sign (%) wildcard characters are not allowed in the file specification.
If you enter the /NOOUTPUT qualifier, output is suppressed.
Examples
| #1 |
$ SHOW WORKING_SET
Working Set (pagelets) /Limit= 2000 /Quota= 4000 /Extent= 6000
Adjustment enabled Authorized Quota= 4000 Authorized Extent= 6000
Working Set (8Kb pages) /Limit= 125 /Quota= 250 /Extent= 375
Authorized Quota= 250 Authorized Extent= 375
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This example shows the SHOW WORKING_SET command on Alpha. The process
has a working set limit of 2000 pagelets (125 pages) and a quota of
4000 pagelets (250 pages), and the current quota is equal to the
authorized limit (4000 pagelets; 250 pages). It also shows that the
current process has a working set extent of 6000 pagelets (375 pages)
and that the current extent is equal to the authorized limit (6000
pagelets; 375 pages). A pagelet is 512 bytes.
| #2 |
$ SHOW WORKING_SET
Working Set /Limit= 180 /Quota= 350 /Extent=1200
Adjustment enabled Authorized Quota= 350 Authorized Extent=1200
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This example shows the SHOW WORKING_SET command on VAX. The process has
a working set limit of 180 pages, a quota of 350 pages, and the quota
is equal to the authorized limit (350 pages). It also shows that the
current process has a working set extent of 1200 and that the current
extent is equal to the authorized limit (1200). Each page on a VAX is
512 bytes.
SHOW ZONE
Displays the current state of a VAXft system. For more information on
the SHOW ZONE command, see VAXft systems documentation.
Applies only to a VAXft system.
Format
SHOW ZONE [zone-id]
SORT
Invokes the Sort/Merge utility, which reorders the records in a file
into a defined sequence and creates either a new file of the reordered
records or an address file by which the reordered records can be
accessed.
For more information about the Sort/Merge utility, refer to the
OpenVMS User's Manual or online help.
Format
SORT input-filespec[,...] output-filespec
SPAWN
Creates a subprocess of the current process. Portions of the current
process context are copied to the subprocess.
The RESOURCE_WAIT state is required to spawn a process.
Requires TMPMBX (temporary mailbox) or PRMMBX (permanent mailbox)
privilege. The SPAWN command does not manage terminal characteristics.
The SPAWN and ATTACH commands cannot be used if your terminal has an
associated mailbox.
Format
SPAWN [command-string]
Parameter
command-string
Specifies a command string of less than 132 characters that is to be
executed in the context of the created subprocess. When the command
completes execution, the subprocess terminates and control returns to
the parent process. If both a command string and the /INPUT qualifier
are specified, the specified command string executes before additional
commands are obtained from the /INPUT qualifier.
Description
The SPAWN command creates a subprocess of your current process with the
following attributes copied from the parent process:
- All global symbols except $RESTART, $SEVERITY, $STATUS
- All local symbols defined for the current command procedure level
- Key definitions
- The current keypad state
- The current prompt string
- All process logical names and logical name tables except those
explicitly marked CONFINE or those created in executive or kernel mode
- Default disk and directory
- Current SET MESSAGE settings
- Current process privileges
- Control and verification states
Note that some attributes, such as the process's current command
tables, are not copied.
When the subprocess is created, the process-permanent open files and
any image or procedure context are not copied from the parent
process. The subprocess is set to command level 0 (DCL level with the
current prompt).
If you do not specify the /PROCESS qualifier, the name of this
subprocess is composed of the same base name as the parent process and
a unique number. For example, if the parent process name is SKONETSKI,
the subprocess name can be SKONETSKI_1, SKONETSKI_2, and so on.
The LOGIN.COM file of the parent process is not executed for the
subprocess because the context is copied separately, allowing quicker
initialization of the subprocess. When the /WAIT qualifier is in
effect, the parent process remains in hibernation until the subprocess
terminates or returns control to the parent by way of the ATTACH
command.
More than one process simultaneously attempts to use the same input or
output stream in the following circumstances:
- When several processes share that stream and you terminate a
subprocess to which you are not currently attached
- When you terminate a process that is not spawned from the process
to which you are currently attached
You should use the LOGOUT command to terminate the subprocess and
return to the parent process. You can also use the ATTACH command to
transfer control of the terminal to another process in the subprocess
tree, including the parent process. (The SHOW PROCESS/SUBPROCESSES
command displays the processes in the subprocess tree and points to the
current process.)
Note
Because a tree of subprocesses can be established using the SPAWN
command, you must be careful when terminating any process in the tree.
When a process is terminated, all subprocesses below that point in the
tree are terminated automatically.
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Qualifiers used with the SPAWN command must directly follow the command
verb. The command string parameter begins after the last qualifier and
continues to the end of the command line.
Qualifiers
/CARRIAGE_CONTROL
/NOCARRIAGE_CONTROL
Determines whether carriage-return and line-feed characters are
prefixed to the subprocess's prompt string. By default, SPAWN copies
the current setting of the parent process.
/CLI=cli-filespec
/NOCLI
Specifies the name of a command language interpreter (CLI) to be used
by the subprocess. The default CLI is the same as the parent process
(defined in SYSUAF). If you specify the /CLI qualifier, the attributes
of the parent process are copied to the subprocess.
The CLI you specify must be located in SYS$SYSTEM and have the file
type .EXE.
/INPUT=filespec
Specifies an input file containing one or more DCL commands to be
executed by the spawned subprocess. The file type defaults to .COM. The
asterisk (*) and the percent sign (%) wildcard characters are not
allowed in the file specification. Once processing of the input file is
complete, the subprocess is terminated. If both a command string and
the /INPUT qualifier are specified, the specified command string
executes before additional commands are obtained from the /INPUT
qualifier. If neither is specified, SYS$INPUT is assumed (in which case
a SPAWN/NOWAIT command is aborted if Ctrl/Y is pressed to abort
something running in your parent process).
You cannot explicitly specify non-record-oriented, process-permanent
files (NRO PPFs) with the /INPUT qualifier. The system displays an
error message when it encounters such a file as the value for the
/INPUT qualifier.
Note that when NRO PPFs are used as implicit input (that is, the /INPUT
qualifier is not specified and SYS$INPUT is a NRO PPF), the SPAWN
command can succeed, as shown in the following table:
| Process Type |
SYS$INPUT |
Implicit Input |
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Interactive
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NRO PPF
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SYS$COMMAND
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Noninteractive
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NRO PPF
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Null device
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Any
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Any other
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SYS$INPUT
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