DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS

User's Guide

October 1997

Revision Information: This is a revised manual.

Operating Systems: OpenVMS Alpha Versions 6.2, 7.0, 7.1
OpenVMS VAX Versions 6.2, 7.0, 7.1

Software Version: DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Version 4.2

Digital Equipment Corporation Maynard, Massachusetts

Digital Equipment Corporation makes no representations that the use of its products in the manner described in this publication will not infringe on existing or future patent rights, nor do the descriptions contained in this publication imply the granting of licenses to make, use, or sell equipment or software in accordance with the description.

Possession, use, or copying of the software described in this publication is authorized only pursuant to a valid written license from DIGITAL or an authorized sublicensor.

DIGITAL conducts its business in a manner that conserves the environment and protects the safety and health of its employees, customers, and the community.

© Digital Equipment Corporation 1997. All rights reserved.

The following are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation: ACMS, DECdtm, DDCMP, DEC, DECnet, DECNIS, DECserver, DECsystem, DECwindows, DIGITAL, DNA, InfoServer, LAT, OpenVMS, PATHWORKS, POLYCENTER, VAX, VAXstation, VMS, and the DIGITAL logo.

The following are third-party trademarks:

CRAY is a registered trademark of Cray Research, Inc.
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MultiNet is a registered trademark of TGV, Inc.
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OSI is a registered trademark of CA Management, Inc.
PATHways is a registered trademark of The Wollongong Group.
PostScript is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems, Inc.
SCO is a trademark of Santa Cruz Operations, Inc.
Sun, NFS, and PC-NFS are registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc.
TCPware is a registered trademark of Process Software Corporation.
UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, licensed exclusively through X/Open Company Ltd.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective holders.

ZK6525

This document is available on CD-ROM.

Preface

This manual explains how to use the user utilities and commands provided with the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS (UCX) product. It assumes that these services have been installed and configured on your OpenVMS system and that you have a basic understanding of the OpenVMS operating system.

Intended Audience

This manual is for OpenVMS users who want to communicate with remote hosts on a private internet or on the worldwide Internet.

Document Structure

This manual contains seven chapters and five appendixes.

• Chapter 1 introduces the UCX services and explains how to type command lines to use these services.
• Chapter 2 explains how to use the Finger utility to display information about users on a remote or local host.
• Chapter 3 explains how to use FTP and provides FTP command descriptions.
• Chapter 4 explains how to use Remote Copy, Remote Login, Remote Shell, and Remote Execute and provides command descriptions.
• Chapter 5 explains how to use TELNET and IBM 3270 model terminal emulation (TN3270, using TELNET), and provides command descriptions.
• Chapter 6 explains how to use SMTP (E-mail) and provides examples.
• Chapter 7 explains how to use LPR/LPD (remote printing) and provides LPR/LPD command descriptions.
• Appendix A explains the Finger informational and error messages and provides appropriate corrective actions.
• Appendix B explains the FTP error messages and provides appropriate corrective actions.
• Appendix C explains the Remote (R) command error messages and provides appropriate corrective actions.
• Appendix D explains the TELNET informational and error messages and provides appropriate corrective actions.

Terminology

This manual uses the following terminology:

• The abbreviation for the product's name is UCX.
• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS is used to mean both:
  • DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Alpha
  • DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS VAX
• Software components
  • Auxiliary server is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of the UNIX daemon (inetd).
  • NFS is the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS implementation of the NFS protocols, including the NFS server, the NFS client, and PC-NFS.
  • TN3270 is the TELNET software that emulates IBM 3270 model terminals.
• UNIX operating system
  UNIX refers to UNIX Version 4.3 of the Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD). The DIGITAL UNIX operating system is fully compatible with UNIX BSD Version 4.3.
• Networking terms
  • Host and node both mean a system connected to an internet.
  • The term Internet refers to the global interconnection of networks, as defined by RFC 1208, which consists of large networks using TCP/IP to provide universal connectivity, reaching the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency (DARPA) Internet, MILNET, NSFnet, CREN, and many worldwide universities, government research labs, military installations, and business enterprises.
    The term internet refers to private interconnected networks that use TCP/IP to connect together and function as one, virtual network.

Acronyms

For a list of acronyms used throughout this and other manuals in the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS documentation set, see the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning guide.

Conventions

All IP addresses in this book represent fictitious addresses. The following conventions apply to this book.

Convention	Meaning
UPPERCASE TEXT	Indicates names of OpenVMS and UCX commands, options, utilities, files, directories, hosts, and users.
lowercase special type	Indicates UNIX system output or user input, commands, options, files, directories, utilities, hosts, and users.
italic type	Indicates a variable.
[Return]	Indicates that you press the Return key.
[Ctrl/] x	Indicates that you press the Control key while you press the key noted by x.
[ ]	In command format descriptions, indicates optional elements. The elements are separated by vertical bars (|). You can enter as many as you want.
{ }	In command format descriptions, indicates you must enter at least one listed element. The elements are separated by bars (|).

Related Documents

The following manuals provide additional information about planning your network and configuring and managing UCX:

• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning
• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management

For a complete list of all manuals in the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS documentation set, see the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Concepts and Planning guide.

For additional information about DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS products and services, access the DIGITAL OpenVMS World Wide Web site. Use the following URL:

http://www.openvms.digital.com 

Reader's Comments

DIGITAL welcomes your comments on this manual or any of the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS documents. Send us your comments through any of the following channels:

Internet	openvmsdoc@zko.mts.dec.com
Fax	603 884-0120, Attention: OSSG Documentation, ZKO3-4/U08
Mail	OSSG Documentation Group, ZKO3-4/U08 110 Spit Brook Rd. Nashua, NH 03062-2698

How To Order Additional Documentation

Use the following table to order additional documentation or information. If you need help deciding which documentation best meets your needs, call 800-DIGITAL (800-344-4825).

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International	---	---	Local DIGITAL subsidiary or approved distributor
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The DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS (UCX) software allows you to communicate and share resources with remote OpenVMS systems, UNIX systems, and other systems that support the TCP/IP protocol suite and Sun Microsystems' Network File System (NFS).

Systems with the UCX software share data and resources with other internet hosts by using standard TCP/IP protocols. These protocols enable you to share information and resources over any type of network and with systems from any vendor that also supports the protocols.

The UCX software includes commands and utilities that allow you to:

• Display information about users logged into a system (FINGER)
• Copy files from a remote host to your system (FTP, RCP)
• Copy files from your system to a remote host (FTP, RCP)
• Copy files between two remote hosts (RCP)
• Print remote files at a local printer (FTP, lpr (entered at a remote UNIX host))
• Print local files at a remote host (FTP, PRINT)
• View, create, and delete directories on a remote host (FTP)
• Rename, delete, and display the contents of files on a remote host (FTP)
• Append a local file to a remote file (FTP)
• Display the status of print jobs in a remote print queue (LPQ)
• Cancel print jobs in a remote print queue (LPRM)
• Log into an account on a remote host as if your terminal is directly connected to that system (RLOGIN, TELNET, TN3270)
• Use your terminal emulating an IBM 3270 model terminal (TN3270)
• Send commands, including shell scripts and command procedures, for execution at a remote host (RSH, REXEC)
• Send mail to, and receive mail from, remote hosts (MAIL using Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP))
• Send and receive OpenVMS mail from your PC (SMTP with the Post Office Protocol (POP))

In addition, DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS offers the following network services:

• Network File System (NFS)
• Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) and Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
• Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)
• Network Time Protocol (NTP)
• SNMP Extensible Agent (eSNMP)
• Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP), Compressed Serial Line Internet Protocol (CSLIP), and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) services

For information about these network services, refer to the following documents:

• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management
• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Management Command Reference

In addition, DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS eSNMP Programming and Reference includes specific information about eSNMP.

1.1 Which Service Do You Use?

Some of the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS facilities provide similar capabilities. Table 1-1 helps you determine the best facility to use for your specific needs and indicates where to look for information about that facility.

Table 1-1 Facilities to Use for Specific Needs

To obtain user information, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Get information about users logged into a remote host, such as their login user names, current program being used, and last login.	FINGER	Section 2.3
Get information about users logged into your OpenVMS Cluster.	FINGER/CLUSTER	Section 2.3
To copy files, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Perform other operations on the files, such as deleting, renaming, appending, and viewing files.	FTP	Section 3.10, Section 3.11, Section 3.12
Copy multiple files to or from one or more unrelated directories on the remote host.	FTP	Section 3.4.1, Section 3.7, Section 3.13
Copy every file and subdirectory in a directory on a host, preserving the directory hierarchy.	RCP	Section 4.4
Create or delete directories, and display the contents of directories.	FTP	Section 3.8, Section 3.9
Copy files between two remote hosts.	RCP	Section 4.8
Perform fast file transfers between two OpenVMS hosts.	FTP	Section 3.13.5
Copy files to and from a remote UNIX system, preserving RMS file attributes.	FTP	Section 3.13.6
Copy files, preserving the protection mode and modification date.	RCP	Section 4.8
Copy and work with files using DECnet file specifications.	FTP	Section 3.14
To print files, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Send local files to a remote host printer.	FTP PUT, DCL PRINT	Section 3.15, Section 7.1
Send remote files to your local host printer.	FTP GET	Section 3.15
Send local files to a remote host printer or print queue, using the OpenVMS printing options such as customizing the printed page with special print forms and specifying the number of copies to print.	DCL PRINT	Section 7.1
Display the status of remote print queue jobs and cancel print jobs in that queue.	LPQ, LPRM	Section 7.2, Section 7.3
Send remote UNIX files to a local print queue.	lpr+	Section 7.4
To log into remote accounts, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Log into a remote host that runs Remote (R) protocols.	RLOGIN	Section 4.5
Log into a remote host, using many options to customize the session, control output from the remote host, and negotiate compatibility differences.	TELNET	Section 5.10
Establish multiple, simultaneous login connections with one or more hosts, and toggle between the sessions.	TELNET	Section 5.9
Log in using IBM 3270 Information System (IDS) terminal emulation with a host that uses IBM 3270 model terminals.	TN3270	Section 5.12
To issue remote commands, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Issue a command on a remote host, including a command that invokes a remote shell script or command procedure, with any output displayed at your terminal.	RSH, REXEC	Section 4.6, Section 4.7
Issue a command, without specifying user authentication information, on a remote host that has authentication files.	RSH	Section 4.6
Issue a command and password to a host that does not have authentication files for you.	RSH/PASSWORD++	Section 4.7
To send and receive mail, if you need to...	Use...	Refer to...
Send mail to, and receive mail from, a remote host using SMTP.	MAIL	Chapter 6
Send and receive OpenVMS mail, at your PC.	MAIL, POP	Section 6.8

FTP allows you to establish a session with the remote host and enter an unlimited number of commands that copy, display, or manipulate files and directories. The Anonymous FTP feature (see Section 3.4.2) allows you to connect to a remote host without specifying user authentication information. If that feature is not enabled, you must supply user authentication information for a remote host only once: when you first establish the FTP connection with the remote host. FTP allows you to determine or change the working directory on your host and on the remote host, and to perform various other operations on files and directories.

In contrast, RCP is limited to copying files. To copy files, each RCP command that you enter establishes a separate link for each file transfer with the specified remote host. With each RCP command, you must specify the remote host to or from which you want to copy files. As with FTP, RCP has a feature that allows you to connect to remote hosts without specifying user authentication information. However, if that feature is not enabled, you must enter user authentication information with each RCP command, rather than just once (as with FTP) for any number of subsequent commands for a connected host.

1.1.2 Services for Remote Logins

The RLOGIN, TELNET, and TN3270 facilities each allow you to log into a remote host and enable your terminal to perform as if directly connected to the remote host. Use RLOGIN for simple logins in which you do not require much customization or control of the terminal-to-host interaction. Use TELNET if you want to use its extensive terminal features and controls, or you want to open several terminal sessions with one or more remote hosts. With TELNET's extensive functionality, it can support a wider variety of terminal features and behaviors between disparate, otherwise incompatible, systems.

Use TN3270 to connect your terminal to a remote host that supports IBM 3270 IDS terminals. TN3270 assigns IBM 3270 functions to your DIGITAL keyboard and allows you to redefine keys.

1.1.3 Services for Issuing Commands at a Remote Host

RSH and REXEC allow you to send any commands supported by the remote host operating system. RSH and REXEC issue one command per link. If user authentication is required, you must enter the authentication information with each command. There is no REXEC command. You invoke REXEC when you enter the RSH command with a password (RSH/PASSWORD).

Note that RLOGIN, TELNET, and TN3270 allow you to log into a remote host once and then perform any number of commands supported by the remote host's operating system. TELNET and TN3270 also allow you to send certain commands to the connected remote host during a terminal session; however, these are a limited range of commands dealing with communication between hosts. They are not operating system commands. For example, you can send a command that aborts output or interrupts execution of a command you issued previously.

1.2 Client and Server Software

The user services include client and server software that communicates between host systems. Your local host includes client software that responds to your commands by requesting the appropriate services from the remote host you specify. If the remote host has the appropriate server software, the server on that host responds with the requested service.

For example, Figure 1-1 shows the interplay between the FTP local client and remote server. The FTP client software requests the FTP server software on Host B to open a connection.

Figure 1-1 FTP Client and Server Software Interacting

1. (1) User MILTON issues an FTP CONNECT command from local host Host A to connect to remote host Host B.
2. (2) The FTP local client sends a connection request to the FTP server on Host B.
3. (3) The remote server grants the request, sending a data connection status message back to the local client.
4. (4) The client displays at user MILTON's terminal the server connection status message and the remote host prompt for login information.

Once the connection is made, user MILTON can then log onto the remote system and use FTP to copy files and perform other related services. Note that both server and client software exist on each system supporting FTP. Thus, a user on Host B could connect to Host A and copy files back and forth from Host B.

1.3 User Commands

The FTP, TELNET, and TN3270 utilities include a wider variety of commands than do the other user services.

You can start FTP, TELNET, or TN3270 and connect to a remote host interactively in either of two ways:

• Specify the utility name followed by a Return. The utility's prompt appears, and you can then enter the CONNECT command. For example, to start FTP and connect to a remote host named FATHM, type:

  $ FTP [RETURN]
  FTP> CONNECT FATHM
  . 
  . 
  . 
  FTP>
  

• Specify the utility name and host name in one line, as in the following example:

  $ FTP FATHM[RETURN]
  . 
  . 
  . 
  FTP>
  

In either case, you are prompted for user authentication information. (FTP includes a feature that allows you to connect to a remote host without specifying user authentication information (see Section 3.4.2).) You can also start these utilities by using a command procedure.

Start the Remote (R) and network printer services by specifying the appropriate command, host name, and parameters or qualifiers in one command line. If you specify the service command only (RCP, RSH, RLOGIN, PRINT, LPQ, or LPRM), the service prompts you for the information required for the command. The PRINT command supports remote printing using TCP/IP protocols and supporting the DCL PRINT qualifiers, with a few exceptions and additional features, as explained in Section 7.1.

When you enter the FINGER command without any host or user information, the service displays information about users on your local system. To display information about remote users, you need to specify the remote host name. For more details and options, see Chapter 2.

To start MAIL and then send a message to a user on another internet host, simply start the OpenVMS Mail utility as you normally do, and use the SEND command with the Internet address of the remote host, such as in the following example. The Mail utility will use the SMTP protocol to send the mail. (See Chapter 6 for details about exceptions and alternatives.)

$ MAIL
MAIL> send [Return]
To:     MALCOLM@PHILOS.BU.ORG [Return]
Subj:   FINAL EXAMS[Return]

Use the following rules when you type a command line:

• DCL and UNIX command formats
  Most UCX command descriptions specify both a DCL-style format and a UNIX-style format. You can, therefore, type command lines in either format. For example, the following two command lines achieve the same results:

  TELNET> CONNECT BENTLEY
  TELNET> open bentley
  

• Keyword abbreviations
  You can abbreviate commands and qualifiers to the fewest number of characters, usually three, that uniquely identifies the keyword. For example, the following two command lines achieve the same results:

  $ RL RENT /USE=BUNNINGS
  $ RLOGIN RENT /USER_NAME=BUNNINGS
  

• Quotation marks
  Due to differences in OpenVMS and UNIX syntax, some command lines require quotation marks for selected keywords. These requirements apply to case sensitivity, slashes, and certain special characters (such as &, =, and \).
  UNIX is case sensitive; UNIX host names, user names, and passwords are usually lowercase. All UNIX directory names contain slashes. For the requirements for individual services, see the discussions about quotation marks in Chapter 2 (Finger utility), Chapter 3 (FTP), Chapter 4 (R commands), Chapter 5 (TELNET, TN3270), Chapter 6 (electronic mail (SMTP)), and Chapter 7 (network printing).
• Names and addresses
  Unless otherwise stated, whenever you specify a host on a command line, you can use either its relative name or its IP address. The relative name of a host is a simple name that does not include the fully qualified domain name. That is, it does not include one or more periods (.). For example, the relative host name VENDOR might have a fully qualified domain name such as VENDOR.GOODS.IGCORP.COM. The following two examples show two ways to issue the TELNET command to connect to host VENDOR at IP address 17.22.3.4.

  $ TELNET VENDOR
  Trying...17.22.3.4
  Connected to VENDOR.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  UNIX V5 (vendor.goods.igcorp.com)
  login:
  

  
  or

  $ TELNET 17.22.3.4
  Trying...17.22.3.4
  Connected to 17.22.3.4.
  Escape character is '^]'.
  UNIX V5 (vendor.goods.igcorp.com)
  login:
  

• File and directory names
  When you specify OpenVMS directory names and file names, follow OpenVMS file specification rules, as explained in the OpenVMS documentation. Likewise, when you specify UNIX directory names and file names, follow UNIX file specification rules, as explained in the documentation supplied with the UNIX system.
• Multiple values for parameters
  To specify multiple values for command parameters, such as host names and directories, follow these guidelines:
  • Separate elements with commas.
  • Wildcards are valid.
  • A space between multiple elements is optional.
  
  The following FTP GET command copies the files PROJ1.TXT and GROUP1.TXT, using a comma to separate the file names in the command line:

  FTP> GET PROJ1.TXT, GROUP1.TXT
  

  
  The following FTP GET command uses the asterisk (*) wildcard to copy all files starting with the letters "PROJ1":

  FTP> GET PROJ1*.*
  

• Multiple values for qualifiers
  To specify multiple values for qualifiers, enclose them in parentheses as follows:
  /qualifier=(value1,value2,value3 )
  For example, the following LPRM command deletes three jobs from a remote print queue:

  $ LPRM EST_4_1997_Q /ENTRY=(555,556,558)
  

• Numeric values
  Unless stated otherwise, all values are decimal.
• Brackets and braces
  Command format descriptions in this book include braces and brackets. You should understand the meaning of the braces and brackets:
  • Braces ( { } ) --- You must specify:
    • At least one of the enclosed values, or
    • All of the enclosed values (this case is always noted).

    Example 1:
    
    This example shows the format line for the FTP SET DEFAULT command. The choices for the directory specification parameter are enclosed in braces, which means that you must specify one of these values (either an OpenVMS directory name or a UNIX path name).
    FTP> SET DEFAULT /LOCAL {vms_directory_name | unix/path/name}

    Example 2:
    
    In this TELNET example, you must specify either CHAR or LINE.
    TELNET> SET MODE {CHAR | LINE}

  • Brackets ( [ ] ) --- The enclosed values are optional.

    Example 1:
    
    The last two parameters for the TELNET CONNECT command are enclosed in brackets, which means they are optional. In this example, the port can be specified without a terminal type, and the host without a port.
    TELNET> CONNECT host [ port [terminal_type ] ]

    Example 2:
    
    The format of the RSH command shows that all the qualifiers and the remote_command parameter are optional.
    $ RSH host [/EIGHTBIT | /ESCAPE_CHARACTER=character | /LOG_FILE=file | /[NO]LOWERCASE | /PASSWORD=password | /[NO]SYSERROR | /TERMINAL_SPEED=n | /TERMINAL_TYPE=type | /[NO]TRUNCATE_USER_NAME | /USER_NAME=remote_user_name] [ remote_command ]

The introductory material and command descriptions in this manual are also online. You can access them in any of the following ways:

• DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES
  

• Finger Utility

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES DISPLAYING_USER_INFORMATION
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES FINGER_COMMAND
  

• File Transfer (FTP)

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES FILE_TRANSFER
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES FTP_COMMAND
  $ FTP HELP
  FTP> HELP
  FTP> HELP command
  

• Remote (R) Commands

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES R_COMMANDS
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES RCP_COMMAND
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES RLOGIN_COMMAND
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES RSH_COMMAND
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES REXEC_COMMAND
  

• Network Terminal Emulation (TELNET/TN3270)

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES NETWORK_TERMINALS
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES TELNET_COMMAND
  $ TELNET HELP
  TELNET> HELP
  TELNET> HELP command
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES TN3270_COMMAND
  $ TN3270 HELP
  TN3270> HELP
  TN3270> HELP command
  

• Network Printing

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES NETWORK_PRINTING
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES PRINT_COMMAND
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES LPQ_COMMAND
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES LPRM_COMMAND
  

• Electronic Mail (SMTP)

  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES MAIL
  $ HELP TCP_IP_SERVICES SMTP
  

For displaying information about users on remote systems and your local system, the DIGITAL TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS (UCX) product includes the Finger utility. For example, you can use the utility to determine which users are logged on to a system or to refresh your memory about the correct login name to use before using FTP or another service to connect to an account on a remote host.